Volume of the normal prostate gland in polish boys, aged 1-17 years: Based on transabdominal ultrasound - Prospective study.

Background: Until now, there are no established norms for prostate size in children. Prostate volume during development has been analyzed in small study groups. In diagnostic imaging, transabdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are used.

The Need for Earlier Diagnosis of Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis/Anomaly (OHVIRA) Syndrome in Case of Renal Agenesis in Girls-Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis/anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome is a very rare condition affecting girls. The time of diagnosis varies, from cases of prenatal diagnosis up to adulthood, including pregnancy or delivery. Most commonly, it is recognised during puberty and usually as an acute condition.

Eosinophilic cystitis and cholangitis - systemic disease triggered by mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the urinary tract characterized by infiltration of bladder with eosinophils. The cause remains unclear, immunological mechanisms have been implicated in pathogenesis. Potential etiological factors include: tumors, allergy, parasitic infections, trauma.

Eosinophilic cystitis and cholangitis - systemic disease triggered by mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the urinary tract characterized by infiltration of bladder with eosinophils. The cause remains unclear, immunological mechanisms have been implicated in pathogenesis. Potential etiological factors include: tumors, allergy, parasitic infections, trauma.

Kidney transplantation in children with bladder augmentation or ileal conduit diversion.

Introduction: Various congenital and acquired diseases of the lower urinary tract can lead to chronic renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess problems and results of kidney transplantation in children with significant lower urinary tract dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: Between 1984 and 2007, there were 33 kidney transplantations in children with end-stage renal disease and severe lower tract dysfunction out of 539 kidney transplantations performed in our department.

[Non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction].

Functional bladder disorders in children are a common condition and they are observed in 5-15% of pediatric population. Recent observations of bladder function of the healthy newborns have changed our viewpoint on its behaviour in older children. By the age of 4 years, many if not most children have matured their urinary tract function and developed an adult pattern of urinary control.

[Neuropathic bladder dysfunction].

The knowledge that after closure of the spinal cord defect, function of pelvic floor can change from hypocontractility to overactivity within the first months of life, is very important for successful treatment. All newborns at that time have residual urine after a spontaneous void. The most authors therefore recommend to start all newborns on intermittent catheterisation every 3 hours.

[Evaluation of the central nervous system in children with bladder dysfunction with the use of evoked potentials].

The function of the central nervous system and especially spinal cord and brainstem, were evaluated. Brainstem (BAEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were used with the stimulation of the peroneus nerve in 52 children at the age of 4.4 up to 18 years (mean age 11.

Treatment of neuropathic urinary and faecal incontinence.

The author presents 14 children after meningomyelocoele repair with faecal and urinary incontinence, aged from 6 to 17 years who have undergone the MACE procedure. MACE with synchronous Mitrofanoff continent stoma creation was performed in one child with severe stenosis of the urethra. MACE with simultaneous bladder augmentation was used in 10 patients.

Complete duplication of the bladder, urethra, vagina, and uterus in girls.

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVES. To present our experience with 3 girls with complete duplication of the bladder, urethra, vagina, and uterus, a very rare anomaly, and review published reports. Associated anomalies in these cases represent a wide spectrum.

[Complete duplication of the urogenital system in girls].

The authors report 3 girls with complete duplication of the bladder, urethra, vagina and uterus. Defect's anatomy and associated anomalies are described. In support of the literature therapeutic procedure is discussed, which must be individualized in each case.

Bladder autoaugmentation in myelodysplastic children.

Objective: To present the long-term results of bladder autoaugmentation in myelodysplastic children with low compliance neurogenic bladders who failed attempts at medical management, including clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and pharmacological bladder relaxation.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-one patients with a neurogenic bladder after myelomeningocele operations (mean age 9.5 years, range 3-16) underwent autoaugmentation; 12 children were paraplegic and hydrocephalic, and were treated by insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal valve.