Valorization of Spirodela polyrrhiza biomass for the production of biofuels for distributed energy.

Considering the main objectives of a circular economy, Lemnaceae plants have great potential for different types of techniques to valorize their biomass for use in biofuel production. For this reason, scientific interest in this group of plants has increased in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of salt stress on the growth and development of S.

New Insight into Short Time Exogenous Formaldehyde Application Mediated Changes in L. (Spider Plant) Cellular Metabolism.

L. plants are known to effectively absorb air pollutants, including formaldehyde (HCHO). Since the metabolic and defense responses of to HCHO are poorly understood, in the present study, biochemical changes in leaves induced by 48 h exposure to exogenous HCHO, applied as 20 mg m, were analyzed.

Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaf and twig extracts as rich sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity.

Plants have served for centuries as sources of compounds useful for human health such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic and antitumor agents. They are also rich in nutrients that improve the human diet. Growing demands for these compounds make it important to seek new sources for them.

The Relationship between the Antioxidant System and Proline Metabolism in the Leaves of Cucumber Plants Acclimated to Salt Stress.

The study examines the effect of acclimation on the antioxidant system and proline metabolism in cucumber leaves subjected to 100 and 150 NaCl stress. The levels of protein carbonyl group, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, α-tocopherol, and activity of ascorbate and glutathione peroxidases, catalase, glutathione -transferase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate: synthetase and reductase as well as proline dehydrogenase were determined after 24 and 72 h periods of salt stress in the acclimated and non-acclimated plants. Although both groups of plants showed high α-tocopherol levels, in acclimated plants was observed higher constitutive concentration of these compounds as well as after salt treatment.

The relationship between carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber leaves acclimated to salt stress.

The study examines the effect of acclimation on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber leaves subjected to moderate and severe NaCl stress. The levels of glucose, sucrose, NADH/NAD-GDH, AspAT, AlaAT, NADP-ICDH, G6PDH and 6GPDH activity were determined after 24 and 72 hour periods of salt stress in acclimated and non-acclimated plants. Although both groups of plants showed high Glc and Suc accumulation, they differed with regard to the range and time of accumulation.

Salicylic acid and cysteine contribute to arbutin-induced alleviation of angular leaf spot disease development in cucumber.

Arbutin induced suppression of angular leaf spot disease in cucumber resulting from lower populations of Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans in the infected tissues. This study provides insight into mechanisms that may potentially account for this effect. In the absence of the pathogen, exogenous arbutin-induced expression of PR1, the marker of salicylic acid signaling, increased the content of salicylic acid and modulated the cysteine pool.

Proline and its metabolism enzymes in cucumber cell cultures during acclimation to salinity.

Proline is an important osmolyte appearing as the result of salt stress response of plants. In the present study, we measured the proline concentration, activities of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), and proline dehydrogenase (PDH) key regulatory enzymes in the biosynthesis and degradation of proline in the acclimated (AC20) and the non-acclimated (NAC) cucumber cell suspension cultures subjected to moderate (150 mM NaCl; AC20-150, NAC-150, respectively) and severe (200 mM NaCl; AC20-200, NAC-200, respectively) salt stress. The data showed that salt stress brought about a linear increase in proline content in both types of cultures.

Nickel-induced changes in carbon metabolism in wheat shoots.

In this study, we analyzed the toxic effect of Ni during the development of wheat shoots. Typical developmental alterations in carbon metabolism-related parameters reflecting changes associated with the transition of the seedlings from heterotrophic to autotrophic metabolism were observed in the control shoots between the 1st and the 4th days. Adverse effects of 50 and 100 μM Ni became evident starting from the 4th day of growth on the metal-containing media.

Antioxidant potential of Agrobacterium-transformed and non-transformed Physalis ixocarpa plants grown in vitro and ex vitro.

Introduction: Oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases hence is an increasing interest in plant-derived natural antioxidants with respect to their potential health benefits. Plants from the genus Physalis are particularly rich in secondary metabolites and show significant antioxidant potential. Recent development in transgenic research has opened new possibilities for enhanced production of secondary metabolites with plant cell and organ cultures.

Differential effect of equal copper, cadmium and nickel concentration on biochemical reactions in wheat seedlings.

Influence of 75 microM copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) on growth, tissue metal accumulation, non-protein thiols (NPT) and glutathione (GSH) contents, membrane damage, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation as well as protease, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) activities were studied in the shoots and roots of wheat seedlings after 7 days of metal exposure. The greatest growth reduction was found in response to Cu treatment; however accumulation of this metal in the wheat tissues was the lowest compared to the other metals used. All metals caused enhancement of electrolyte leakage from cells as well as increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation.

Transformation of Nasturtium officinale, Barbarea verna and Arabis caucasica for hairy roots and glucosinolate-myrosinase system production.

Hairy roots of Nasturtium officinale, Barbarea verna and Arabis caucasica with active glucosinolate-myrosinase system were obtained after transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Hairy roots of N. officinale produced phenylalanine-derived gluconasturtiin and glucotropaeolin (max.

Nickel-induced changes in nitrogen metabolism in wheat shoots.

The influences of 50 and 100muM Ni on growth, tissue Ni accumulation, concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, glutamate, and proline as well as the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) were examined in the shoots of wheat seedlings cv. Zyta. Exposure of the seedlings to Ni resulted in a rapid accumulation of this metal in the shoots, which was accompanied by significant reduction in fresh weight of these organs.

Relations between tocopherol, chlorophyll and lipid peroxides contents in shoots of Ni-treated wheat.

The influence of 50 and 100 microM Ni on chlorophyll and tocopherol contents, as well as lipid peroxidation was studied in the shoots of wheat plants. Chlorophyll content in the shoots decreased in response to Ni application. Ni stress led to an enhancement of lipid peroxides content, accompanied by a substantial increase in tocopherol concentration in the wheat shoots.

Effects of N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecylamine on antioxidant enzyme activities, mitochondrial morphology and metabolism in Aspergillus niger.

The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSP) as well as of succinate dehydrogenase (SDG), NADH dehydrogenase (NDG) and fumarate hydratase (FHT) were examined in relation to mitochondrial ultrastructure changes in Aspergillus niger exposed to N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecylamine (Apd) that was shown to exhibit fungicidal activity. There was a progressive increase in SOD, CAT and GSP activities 1 and 4 h after 0.05 and 0.

Effect of nickel on ROS content and antioxidative enzyme activities in wheat leaves.

Influence of 100 microM Ni on growth, Ni accumulation, [Formula: see text], H2O2 and lipid peroxides contents as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were studied in the leaves of wheat plants on the 3rd, 6th and 9th days after treatment. Exposure of the plants to Ni for only 3 days led to almost 200-fold increase in this metal concentration in the leaf tissue but later the rate of Ni accumulation was much slower. Length and fresh weight of the leaves were substantially reduced, up to 25% and 39%, respectively at the end of experiment.

Fungal pathogen-induced changes in the antioxidant systems of leaf peroxisomes from infected tomato plants.

Peroxisomes, being one of the main organelles where reactive oxygen species (ROS) are both generated and detoxified, have been suggested to be instrumental in redox-mediated plant cell defence against oxidative stress. We studied the involvement of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) leaf peroxisomes in defence response to oxidative stress generated upon Botrytis cinerea Pers.

Compartment-specific role of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the response of tomato leaf cells to Botrytis cinerea infection.

Changes in AA-GSH cycle activity following Botrytis cinerea infection were studied in tomato whole-leaf extracts as well as in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. The oxidative effect of infection affected all cellular compartments although mitochondria and peroxisomes underwent the most pronounced changes. Apart from organelle-specific variations, a general shift of the cellular redox balance towards the oxidative state was found.

The effect of Botrytis cinerea infection on the antioxidant profile of mitochondria from tomato leaves.

Infection of tomato leaves with the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea resulted in substantial changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle as well as in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione transferase (GST), and l-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH) activities. In the initial phase of the 5 d experiment CuZn SOD was the most rapidly induced isoform (up to 209% of control), whereas later on its activity increase was not concomitant with the constant total SOD enhancement. Starting from the second day B.

Glutathione and glutathione metabolizing enzymes in tissues and blood of breast cancer patients.

Many reports indicate that glutathione and enzymes cooperating with it are important in neoplastic processes. Glutathione (GSH) concentrations and glutathione S-transferase (GSH STr) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined in breast cancer tissue and adjacent healthy tissues, as well as in blood of 28 patients. There were considerable differences in the investigated parameters among individual patients.

The influence of atmospheric chromium on selenium content and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood of tannery workers.

The concentration of selenium and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined in blood of 34 workers of a tannery in Gniezno, Poland, who worked in an area containing chromium compounds. Fourteen workers were exposed to chromium compounds at concentrations of 0.11 +/- 0.

Vitamin E, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity in the blood of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To study the role of active oxygen species in tissue injury in rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: We examined the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidants of the first line antioxidative defence of the organism, i.e.

[Selenium, glutathione peroxidase and TBARS in plasma of children with malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system].

The selenium and TBARS concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity were measured in the plasma of children with leukemia, lymphoma and histiocytosis X. A group of fifty-four children aged 1 to 16 years was divided into the following age groups: 1-3, 3-7, 7-16 years. In the patients aged 3-7 and 7-16 years, plasma selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly lower than in age-matched healthy children.

The effect of coronary angioplasty on superoxide anion generation and lipid peroxidation. Propriety of pharmacological intervention.

In patients with unstable angina pectoris, subjected (n = 20) or not subjected (n = 12) to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), baseline superoxide anion (O.2-) generation by neutrophils in the coronary sinus blood was significantly higher than that found in the basilic vein blood of control healthy subjects (n = 12). During reperfusion following effective PTCA, neutrophil counts in the coronary sinus blood tended to decrease, an effect accompanied by a significant decrease in the neutrophil O.