Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Oncology, Version 2.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.

This selection from the NCCN Guidelines for Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Oncology focuses on considerations for the comprehensive care of AYA patients with cancer. Compared with older adults with cancer, AYA patients have unique needs regarding treatment, fertility counseling, psychosocial and behavioral issues, and supportive care services. The complete version of the NCCN Guidelines for Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Oncology addresses additional aspects of caring for AYA patients, including risk factors, screening, diagnosis, and survivorship.

Prospective assessment of risk biomarkers of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after hematopoietic cell transplantation.

BACKGROUNDCurrently, no laboratory tests exist to stratify for the risk of developing sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), an early endothelial complication after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Risk biomarkers of SOS have not been verified in a prospective cohort accounting for differences between practices across institutions. Herein, we aimed to define risk groups for SOS occurrence using 3 proteins: L-ficolin, hyaluronic acid (HA), and stimulation 2 (ST2).

Multiple Organ Dysfunction and Critically Ill Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and critical care utilization in children and young adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have not undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).

Design: Retrospective cohort study of MODS (defined as dysfunction of two or more organ systems) occurring any day within the first 72 hours of PICU admission.

Setting: Large, quaternary-care children's hospital.

An evaluation of the disparities affecting the underdiagnosis of pediatric cancer in Western Kenya.

Introduction: Western Kenya is home to approximately 24 million people, with 10 million children under the age of 15 years. Based on estimates of cancer incidence in similar populations from around the world, approximately 1500 patients should be diagnosed with pediatric cancer each year. This article describes the international collaboration that investigates potential barriers preventing the effective diagnosis of pediatric patients with cancer.

Case Series of False-Positive HIV Test Results in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: Guidance on How to Avoid and Resolve Diagnostic Dilemmas.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) Cell Therapy is approved for the treatment of pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia B-ALL. Lentiviral vector technology, highly modified from HIV-1, is used to induce stable, long-term transgene expression by integration into the host genome. This integration may interfere with HIV-1 NAAT producing false-positive results.

Outcomes of pediatric patients with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms.

Long-term outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (tMNs) are dismal. There are few multicenter studies defining prognostic factors in pediatric patients with tMNs. We have accumulated the largest cohort of pediatric patients who have undergone HCT for a tMN to perform a multivariate analysis defining factors predictive of long-term survival.

Simultaneous quantification of vincristine and its major M1 metabolite from dried blood spot samples of Kenyan pediatric cancer patients by UPLC-MS/MS.

Vincristine (VCR) is an integral part of chemotherapy regimens in the US and in developing countries. There is a paucity of information about its disposition and optimal therapeutic dosing. VCR is preferentially metabolized to its major M1 metabolite by the polymorphic CYP3A5 enzyme, which may be clinically significant as CYP3A5 expression varies across populations.

Kokumi taste perception is functional in a model carnivore, the domestic cat (Felis catus).

Kokumi taste is a well-accepted and characterised taste modality and is described as a sensation of enhancement of sweet, salty, and umami tastes. The Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) has been designated as the putative kokumi taste receptor for humans, and a number of kokumi-active ligands of CaSR have been discovered recently with activity confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. Domestic cats (Felis catus) are obligate carnivores and accordingly, their diet is abundant in proteins, peptides, and amino acids.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Incidence and Clinical Characteristics in Children With Cancer.

The etiology and outcomes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in children with cancer are not well understood. We aim to determine the incidence of PRES, describe associated morbidity and mortality, and better understand risk factors in this patient population. A total of 473 children with a hematologic malignancy or postallogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation between June 2015 and June 2020 were screened for PRES to determine incidence and whether age or underlying diagnosis are associated with development of PRES.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-risk Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis.

Importance: The outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in low-risk patients with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis have not been studied in a large scale, multicentered, prospective fashion.

Objective: To evaluate the procedural safety, efficacy, and 30-day outcomes of TAVR in patients with bicuspid aortic stenosis at low surgical risk.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Low Risk Bicuspid Study is a prospective, single-arm trial study with inclusion/exclusion criteria developed from the Evolut Low Risk Randomized Trial.

A Metabolomics Approach for Early Prediction of Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

Vincristine is a core chemotherapeutic drug administered to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Despite its efficacy in treating leukemia, it can lead to severe peripheral neuropathy in a subgroup of the patients. Peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating and painful side-effect that can severely impact an individual's quality of life.

Successful Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in Pediatric Patients With Diminished Left Ventricular Ejection Fractions.

Chemotherapy-associated cardiotoxicity may delay or impair the ability to administer fully myeloablative chemotherapy for stem cell transplant in those with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Studies in adults have been inconsistent regarding the value of ejection fraction in predicting cardiotoxicity in the posttransplant period. Recent publications, however, have demonstrated successful stem cell transplantation in adults despite low ejection fractions.

Influence of health insurance status on childhood cancer treatment outcomes in Kenya.

Background: Survival of childhood cancer in high-income countries is approximately 80%, whereas in low-income countries, it is less than 10%. Limited access to health insurance in low-income settings may contribute to poor survival rates. This study evaluates the influence of health insurance status on childhood cancer treatment in a Kenyan academic hospital.

Genetic Variants Associated With Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Two Populations of Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Vincristine is one of the core chemotherapy agents used in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, one of the major toxicities resulting from vincristine exposure is vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN). When VIPN results in significant morbidity, the vincristine dose may need to be reduced, thus potentially decreasing the effectiveness of treatment.

The National Physicians Cooperative: transforming fertility management in the cancer setting and beyond.

Once unimaginable, fertility management is now a nationally established part of cancer care in institutions, from academic centers to community hospitals to private practices. Over the last two decades, advances in medicine and reproductive science have made it possible for men, women and children to be connected with an oncofertility specialist or offered fertility preservation soon after a cancer diagnosis. The Oncofertility Consortium's National Physicians Cooperative is a large-scale effort to engage physicians across disciplines - oncology, urology, obstetrics and gynecology, reproductive endocrinology, and behavioral health - in clinical and research activities to enable significant progress in providing fertility preservation options to children and adults.

Continuous invasive hemodynamic monitoring using steerable guide catheter to optimize mitraclip transcatheter mitral valve repair: A multicenter, proof-of-concept study.

Objectives: We report our multicenter experience on continuous hemodynamic monitoring using exclusively the steerable guide catheter (SGC) during MitraClip repair.

Background: Left atrial pressure (LAP) and V-wave are useful to evaluate MitraClip repair but no simple method of continuous monitoring exists.

Methods: From 11/2016 to 8/2017, 74 patients from four centers with symptomatic moderate-severe to severe mitral regurgitation (MR), underwent MitraClip NT repair with continuous hemodynamic monitoring via the SGC.