1H NMR of compounds with low water solubility in the presence of erythrocytes: effects of emulsion phase separation.

When lipophilic compounds like diethyl phthalate (DEP) were added to water, two sets of resonances appeared in the 1H NMR spectrum, whereas when added in concentrations above approximately 3.5 mM to erythrocytes in a high haematocrit suspension, only one set of resonances was observed at the low-frequency position. The appearance of one set of resonances at lower frequency was found to be common to a series of lipophilic compounds in erythrocytes.

Results of multiple diagnostic tests for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and in controls.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has been incriminated as a cause of Crohn's disease (CD); however, studies to date have been relatively small and generally only used a single diagnostic assay. The objective of the study was to reexamine the association of M.

Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and phage-typing in the analysis of a hospital outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis.

Isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis from 81 patients from Herlev Hospital or from Copenhagen County were analysed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and phage-typing. Fourteen polymorphic markers from five decamer primers unambiguously placed all isolates into six RAPD groups: 65 isolates of phagetype 6 (PFGE type I) were resolved into three RAPD groups constituting 86, 12, and 2%, respectively. A fourth RAPD group of 10 isolates was coincident with phage type 8 (PFGE type II) and two isolates, one phage-type 1, the other phage-type 4 (both PFGE type I) formed the fifth group.

Cefuroxime resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Susceptibility to cefotaxime and ceftazidime despite production of ESBLs.

The production of beta-lactamases, the outer membrane protein (OMP) patterns, some clinical impacts and the prevalence of resistance among cefuroxime-resistant Danish clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated. Fifteen resistant and five susceptible strains were collected from 14 patients during 1991-1994. Isolates from five patients produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs).

Cefuroxime resistance in Escherichia coli. Resistance mechanisms and prevalence.

In order to characterize cefuroxime resistance in Escherichia coli 22 clinical isolates were investigated for susceptibility to different beta-lactam antibiotics and ciprofloxacin. The production of beta-lactamases, the pattern of the major outer membrane proteins (OMPs), and the plasmid profiles were determined for these isolates. Ten of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, two to cefotaxime, and none was resistant to imipenem or ciprofloxacin.

1H NMR spin-echo spectroscopy of human erythrocytes. Transformation of exogenous compounds.

1H NMR spin-echo spectroscopy has been used to study the metabolism of exogenous compounds in human erythrocytes. The non-invasive nature of the technique and the continuous monitoring makes it ideal to investigate both the conversion of substrates and the occurrence and the nature of the products. Hydrolysis rates may be determined and the hydrolysis of alkyl, vinyl, and aryl acetates are shown to be due to A-esterase activity.

Effect of trifluoperazine, compound 48/80, TMB-8 and verapamil on ionophore A23187 mediated calcium uptake in ATP depleted human red cells.

The A23187 induced calcium uptake in ATP depleted cells was determined at pH 6.9 in the presence of trifluoperazine (TFP, 0.30 mM), compound 48/80 (0.

Effect of trifluoperazine, compound 48/80, TMB-8 and verapamil on ionophore A23187 induced calcium transients in human red cells.

A transient increase of cellular calcium was induced by addition of the divalent cation ionophore A23187 to human red cells in the absence or presence of drugs. The peak height of the calcium transient was increased about five times at pH 6.9 and up to eighteen times at pH 7.

Hysteretic activation of the Ca2+ pump revealed by calcium transients in human red cells.

The enzymatic basis for the Ca2+ pump in human red cells is an ATPase with hysteretic properties. The Ca2+-ATPase shifts slowly between a ground state deficient in calmodulin and an active state saturated with calmodulin, and rate constants for the reversible shifts of state were recently determined at different Ca2+ concentrations (Scharff, O. and Foder, B.