The sensory shark: high-quality morphological, genomic and transcriptomic data for the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula reveal the molecular bases of sensory organ evolution in jawed vertebrates.

Cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyans: chimaeras and elasmobranchs -sharks, skates and rays) hold a key phylogenetic position to explore the origin and diversifications of jawed vertebrates. Here, we report and integrate reference genomic, transcriptomic and morphological data in the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula to shed light on the evolution of sensory organs. We first characterise general aspects of the catshark genome, confirming the high conservation of genome organisation across cartilaginous fishes, and investigate population genomic signatures.

The impact of low-energy phonon lifetimes on the magnetic relaxation in a dysprosocenium single-molecule magnet.

Developing molecular spin technologies requires microscopic knowledge of their spin-dynamics. Calculation of phonon modes, phonon scattering and spin-phonon coupling for a dysprosocenium single-molecule magnet (SMM) give simulations of spin-dynamics that agree with experiment. They show that low-energy phonon scattering is a significant contribution to the high-performance of dysprosocenium SMMs.

Unlocking the potential of digital therapeutics: The need for consistent and granular inclusion in drug compendia for managed care.

The field of digital therapeutics (DTx), software programs that prevent, manage, and treat medical conditions, continues to grow. DTx offers new treatment options and has the potential to close gaps in care caused by unmet patient needs, provider shortages, or socioeconomic or geographical disparities. However, the field of DTx has not seen steady adoption owing to barriers, particularly related to coverage, payer acceptance of the category, provider use, and integration within existing health care delivery tools.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a REDCap-Embedded HIPAA-Compliant Text Messaging Application to Track Medication Adherence in Adolescents With Lupus.

Background/objective: Despite advances in clinical care and treatment options, adolescents with lupus continue to experience adverse health outcomes. Poor adherence to medication regimens is a major contributor to these negative outcomes. The utility of short message service (SMS) in tracking barriers to adherence prospectively remains untested for adolescents with lupus.

Dammed coastal waterways are less diverse, more homogenous, and dominated by non-native species: Comprehensive insights from quantitative analysis of environmental DNA.

Small dams are commonplace worldwide and impact local and regional aquatic diversity by altering habitats and disrupting dispersal networks. Quantifying the local and regional impacts of dams requires nearly comprehensive species occurrence data. We used environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to test theoretical predictions about the impacts of dams on local and regional bony fish diversity within the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, USA.

Success of topiramate to slow progression of Blount disease in a toddler: A case study.

Rates of Blount disease and childhood obesity have increased in parallel, although the co-management of this acquired comorbidity and obesity is not well described. This report shares the course of a toddler with severe obesity who experienced rapid and persistent weight gain without success from nutrition and behavior changes. After repeat subspeciality evaluation, the patient was ultimately diagnosed with signs of early-onset Blount disease, urging the need for adjunct medical therapy.

Going beyond the Ordered Bulk: A Perspective on the Use of the Cambridge Structural Database for Predictive Materials Design.

When Olga Kennard founded the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre in 1965, the Cambridge Structural Database was a pioneering attempt to collect scientific data in a standard format. Since then, it has evolved into an indispensable resource in contemporary molecular materials science, with over 1.25 million structures and comprehensive software tools for searching, visualizing and analyzing the data.

How parent stress and COVID-19 impact on the family are associated with parental pressure to eat during COVID-19.

This study aimed to assess how parent stress and COVID-19 impact on the family are associated with parental pressure to eat during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents of healthy preschool-aged children completed measures including pressure to eat (Child Feeding Questionnaire), parent perception of their stress (Perceived Stress Scale), household food insecurity (Hunger Vital Sign) and effects of COVID-19 on families (COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact). Children (N = 228) were racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse (34 % Black, 15 % Hispanic, and 29 % with household income <$20,000).

The sensory shark: high-quality morphological, genomic and transcriptomic data for the small-spotted catshark reveal the molecular bases of sensory organ evolution in jawed vertebrates.

Cartilaginous fishes (chimaeras and elasmobranchs -sharks, skates and rays) hold a key phylogenetic position to explore the origin and diversifications of jawed vertebrates. Here, we report and integrate reference genomic, transcriptomic and morphological data in the small-spotted catshark to shed light on the evolution of sensory organs. We first characterise general aspects of the catshark genome, confirming the high conservation of genome organisation across cartilaginous fishes, and investigate population genomic signatures.

Incorporating Noncovalent Interactions in Transfer Learning Gaussian Process Regression Models for Molecular Simulations.

FFLUX is a quantum chemical topology-based multipolar force field that uses Gaussian process regression machine learning models to predict atomic energies and multipole moments on the fly for fast and accurate molecular dynamics simulations. These models have previously been trained on monomers, meaning that many-body effects, for example, intermolecular charge transfer, are missed in simulations. Moreover, dispersion and repulsion have been modeled using Lennard-Jones potentials, necessitating careful parametrization.

Developing and evaluating a brief, socially primed video intervention to enable bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A randomised control trial.

Background: Over 30,000 people experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United Kingdom annually, with only 7-8% of patients surviving. One of the most effective methods of improving survival outcomes is bystander intervention in the form of calling the emergency services and initiating chest compressions. Additionally, the public must feel empowered to act and use this knowledge in an emergency.

Systematic review of family and pediatric constipation: An overlooked piece of the puzzle.

The objective of this review is to summarize pertinent literature looking at family dynamics and/or adherence to treatment in pediatric functional constipation. A structured systematic literature search was conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science core collection libraries from the years 2000 to 2023 using specific search terms: constipation, treatment adherence, family dynamics, parenting style, and pediatrics. Seventy-one publications were identified and included for review.

Using Wearable Digital Devices to Screen Children for Mental Health Conditions: Ethical Promises and Challenges.

In response to a burgeoning pediatric mental health epidemic, recent guidelines have instructed pediatricians to regularly screen their patients for mental health disorders with consistency and standardization. Yet, gold-standard screening surveys to evaluate mental health problems in children typically rely solely on reports given by caregivers, who tend to unintentionally under-report, and in some cases over-report, child symptomology. Digital phenotype screening tools (DPSTs), currently being developed in research settings, may help overcome reporting bias by providing objective measures of physiology and behavior to supplement child mental health screening.

Composition-dependent morphologies of CeO nanoparticles in the presence of Co-adsorbed HO and CO: a density functional theory study.

Catalytic activity is affected by surface morphology, and specific surfaces display greater activity than others. A key challenge is to define synthetic strategies to enhance the expression of more active surfaces and to maintain their stability during the lifespan of the catalyst. In this work, we outline an approach, based on density functional theory, to predict surface composition and particle morphology as a function of environmental conditions, and we apply this to CeO nanoparticles in the presence of co-adsorbed HO and CO as an industrially relevant test case.

Food Insecurity and Family Dynamics: A Systematic Review.

Background: Undernutrition is related to numerous childhood outcomes. However, little research has investigated the relationship between food insecurity and family dynamics. This systematic review seeks to validate the evidence for a relationship between these 2 factors.

Differences in maternal and paternal pressure to eat and perception of household responsibilities.

Controlling feeding practices, such as pressure to eat, are associated with a child's disinhibited eating and extremes in bodyweight. We aimed to explore which factors are associated with parent dyads' pressuring feeding practices, including how mothers and fathers perceive the sharing of household tasks such as mealtime and child feeding responsibilities. In this cross-sectional study, parent dyads (mother and father) of healthy preschool-aged children completed an identical questionnaire consisting of measures of picky eating (food fussiness subscale of Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire), parental concern for undereating, and pressure to eat (Child Feeding Questionnaire).

Implementation of recommended treatment for children in weight management programs: Lessons from the stay in treatment study sites.

Objectives: Pediatric obesity remains a public health crisis in the United States, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. There are recommended guidelines for multidisciplinary care, but they remain challenging to implement, even in tertiary care weight management programs. The aim of this analysis is to describe the implementation of these recommendations among four pediatric weight management programs in the United States.

Evaluation of community nurse-led traumatic tube displacements.

Home enteral tube feeding (HEF) has many benefits and is largely safe practice. Some complications have historically required intervention in the acute setting, including traumatic displacement of feeding tubes (i.e.

Exploring Pyroelectricity, Thermal and Photochemical Switching in a Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Crystal by In Situ X-Ray Diffraction.

The switching behavior of the novel hybrid material (FA)Na[Fe(CN)(NO)].HO (1) in response to temperature (T), light irradiation and electric field (E) is studied using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystals of 1 display piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, second and third harmonic generation.

scAbsolute: measuring single-cell ploidy and replication status.

Cancer cells often exhibit DNA copy number aberrations and can vary widely in their ploidy. Correct estimation of the ploidy of single-cell genomes is paramount for downstream analysis. Based only on single-cell DNA sequencing information, scAbsolute achieves accurate and unbiased measurement of single-cell ploidy and replication status, including whole-genome duplications.

Exceptional Thermoelectric Performance of Cu(Zn,Fe,Cd)SnS Thin Films.

High-quality Cu(Zn,Fe,Cd)SnS (CZFCTS) thin films based on the parent CZTS were prepared by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD). Substitution of Zn by Fe and Cd significantly improved the electrical transport properties, and monophasic CZFCTS thin films exhibited a maximum power factor (PF) of ∼0.22 μW cm K at 575 K.

Phenotype and predictors of insulin independence in adults presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis: a prospective cohort study.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this work was to describe the phenotype of adults presenting with a first episode of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Cape Town, South Africa, and identify predictors of insulin independence at 12 and 60 months after presentation.

Methods: A prospective, descriptive cohort study of all individuals, 18 years or older, presenting for the first time with DKA to four public-sector hospitals of the Groote Schuur Academic Health Complex was performed. Clinical, biochemical and laboratory data including GAD antibody and C-peptide status were collected at baseline.

A method for the systematic selection of enzyme panel candidates by solving the maximum diversity problem.

Enzymes are being increasingly exploited for their potential as industrial biocatalysts. Establishing a portfolio of useful biocatalysts from large and diverse protein family is challenging and a systematic method for candidate selection promises to aid in this task. Moreover, accurate enzyme functional annotation can only be confidently guaranteed through experimental characterisation in the laboratory.

Towards the high-throughput prediction of finite-temperature properties using the quasi-harmonic approximation.

Lattice dynamics calculations within the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) provide an infrastructure for modelling the finite-temperature properties of periodic solids at a modest computational cost. With the recent widespread interest in materials discovery by data mining, a database of computed finite-temperature properties would be highly desirable. In this work we provide a first step toward this goal with a comparative study of the accuracy of five exchange-correlation functionals, spanning the local density approximation (LDA), generalised-gradient approximation (GGA) and meta-GGA levels of theory, for predicting the properties of ten Group 1, 2 and 12 binary metal oxides.