Identification of specific microbiota members that induce beige fat biogenesis in response to dietary cues.

Activation of brown and beige fat biogenesis promotes metabolic health in rodents and humans, but typically requires cold exposure or pharmacological activation of β-adrenergic receptors, which may pose cardiovascular risks. Dietary intervention represents a clinically viable alternative strategy to induce beige cells and thus enhance metabolic health, though the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified specific microbiota members in both mice and humans that promote browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and ameliorate metabolic disorders in the context of a low-protein diet (LPD).

Neutralizing antibodies elicited in macaques recognize V3 residues on altered conformations of HIV-1 Env trimer.

Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies that protect against diverse HIV-1 strains is a primary goal of AIDS vaccine research. We characterized Ab1456 and Ab1271, two heterologously-neutralizing antibodies elicited in non-human primates by priming with an engineered V3-targeting SOSIP Env immunogen and boosting with increasingly native-like SOSIP Envs derived from different strain backgrounds. Structures of Env trimers in complex with these antibodies revealed V3 targeting, but on conformational states of Env distinct from the typical closed, prefusion trimeric SOSIP structure.

Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizure in a Laboring Female: A Case Report.

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are seizure-like activities characterized by motor and sensory impairments that are mild and mimic other medical conditions. They are commonly associated with psychiatric conditions and are typically a diagnosis of exclusion. These episodes are generally uncommon and rarely seen in pregnancy or labor.

Commensal consortia decolonize Enterobacteriaceae via ecological control.

Persistent colonization and outgrowth of potentially pathogenic organisms in the intestine can result from long-term antibiotic use or inflammatory conditions, and may perpetuate dysregulated immunity and tissue damage. Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae gut pathobionts are particularly recalcitrant to conventional antibiotic treatment, although an emerging body of evidence suggests that manipulation of the commensal microbiota may be a practical alternative therapeutic strategy. Here we isolated and down-selected commensal bacterial consortia from stool samples from healthy humans that could strongly and specifically suppress intestinal Enterobacteriaceae.

Accuracy of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in the Diagnosis of Intraoperative Neurological Decline in the Setting of Spinal Surgery-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: In an effort to prevent intraoperative neurological injury during spine surgery, the use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has increased significantly in recent years. Using IONM, spinal cord function can be evaluated intraoperatively by recording signals from specific nerve roots, motor tracts, and sensory tracts.

A Clinical Practice Guideline on the Timing of Surgical Decompression and Hemodynamic Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury and the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Intraoperative Spinal Cord Injury: Introduction, Rationale, and Scope.

Study Design: Protocol for the development of clinical practice guidelines following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) standards.

Objectives: Acute SCI or intraoperative SCI (ISCI) can have devastating physical and psychological consequences for patients and their families. The treatment of SCI has dramatically evolved over the last century as a result of preclinical and clinical research that has addressed important knowledge gaps, including injury mechanisms, disease pathophysiology, medical management, and the role of surgery.

A Female Newborn With Occipital Encephalocele and a Hypoplastic Right Ventricle Secondary to Tricuspid and Pulmonary Atresia: A Case Report.

Encephaloceles and severe cardiac malformations are rare presentations in a newborn. The mechanism of these congenital abnormalities is relatively unknown, but it is hypothesized to be related to genetic, environmental, and maternal risk factors. This case report describes a newborn with an occipital encephalocele associated with severe right ventricular hypoplasia secondary to tricuspid and pulmonary atresia.

Interventions to Optimize Spinal Cord Perfusion in Patients With Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: An Updated Systematic Review.

Study Design: Systematic review update.

Objectives: Interventions that aim to optimize spinal cord perfusion are thought to play an important role in minimizing secondary ischemic damage and improving outcomes in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs). However, exactly how to optimize spinal cord perfusion and enhance neurologic recovery remains controversial.

AO Spine/Praxis Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury: An Introduction to a Focus Issue.

Study Design: Narrative overview and summary.

Objectives: The objective of this introductory manuscript is to provide an overview of the effort that was undertaken to establish clinical practice guidelines for a number of important topics in spinal cord injury (SCI). These topics included: 1.

Timing of Decompressive Surgery in Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Systematic Review Update.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Surgical decompression is a cornerstone in the management of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the influence of the timing of surgery on neurological recovery after acute SCI remains controversial. This systematic review aims to summarize current evidence on the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of early (≤24 hours) or late (>24 hours) surgery in patients with acute traumatic SCI for all levels of the spine.

An Overview of the Methodology Used to Develop Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Acute and Intraoperative Spinal Cord Injury.

Study Design: An overview of the methods used to develop clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

Objectives: Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and intraoperative SCI (ISCI) can have devastating physical and psychological consequences for patients and their families. To date, there are several studies that have discussed the diagnostic and management strategies for both SCI and ISCI.

Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Intraoperative Spinal Cord Injury in the Setting of Spine Surgery: A Proposed Care Pathway.

Study Design: This study is a mixed methods approach.

Objectives: Intraoperative spinal cord injury (ISCI) is a challenging complication in spine surgery. Intra-operative neuromonitoring (IONM) has been developed to detect changes in neural function.

An Update of a Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Recommendations on the Role and Timing of Decompressive Surgery.

Study Design: Clinical practice guideline development.

Objectives: Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in devastating motor, sensory, and autonomic impairment; loss of independence; and reduced quality of life. Preclinical evidence suggests that early decompression of the spinal cord may help to limit secondary injury, reduce damage to the neural tissue, and improve functional outcomes.

Delayed Hemorrhage: A Rare Complication of Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure.

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is a common procedure used to treat cervical dysplasia. It is performed by using an electrical current and loop wire to remove abnormal cervical tissue. Common complications include intraoperative and postoperative bleeding.

Respectful Maternity Care : A Systematic Review.

Background: Severe maternal morbidity and mortality are worse in the United States than in all similar countries, with the greatest effect on Black women. Emerging research suggests that disrespectful care during childbirth contributes to this problem.

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review on definitions and valid measurements of respectful maternity care (RMC), its effectiveness for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for those who are pregnant and postpartum, and strategies for implementation.

Risk factors for C5 palsy: a systematic review and multivariate analysis.

Objective: Postoperative C5 palsy (C5P) is a known complication in cervical spine surgery. However, its exact pathophysiology is unclear. The authors aimed to provide a review of the current understanding of C5P by performing a comprehensive, systematic review of the existing literature and conducting a critical appraisal of existing evidence to determine the risk factors of C5P.

Rationally-defined microbial consortia suppress multidrug-resistant proinflammatory Enterobacteriaceae via ecological control.

Persistent colonization and outgrowth of pathogenic organisms in the intestine may occur due to long-term antibiotic usage or inflammatory conditions, which perpetuate dysregulated immunity and tissue damage. Gram-negative gut pathobionts are particularly recalcitrant to conventional antibiotic treatment, though an emerging body of evidence suggests that manipulation of the commensal microbiota may be a practical alternative therapeutic strategy. In this study, we rationally isolated and down-selected commensal bacterial consortia from healthy human stool samples capable of strongly and specifically suppressing intestinal .

Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorously study early recall responses during human viral infection. To better understand human immune memory and identify potential mediators of lasting vaccine efficacy, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and SARS-CoV-2 antigen probes to examine immune responses in longitudinal samples from vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave.