The First Case of Zika Virus Disease in Guinea: Description, Virus Isolation, Sequencing, and Seroprevalence in Local Population.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a widespread mosquito-borne pathogen. Phylogenetically, two lineages of ZIKV are distinguished: African and Asian-American. The latter became the cause of the 2015-2016 pandemic, with severe consequences for newborns.

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of the Substance of the Anti-Smallpox Drug NIOCH-14 after Oral Administration to Laboratory Animals.

Background: Since most of the modern human population has no anti-smallpox immunity, it is extremely important to develop and implement effective drugs for the treatment of smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections. The objective of this study is to determine the main characteristics of the chemical substance NIOCH-14 and its safety and bioavailability in the body of laboratory animals.

Methods: The safety of NIOCH-14 upon single- or multiple-dose intragastric administration was assessed according to its effect on the main hematological and pathomorphological parameters of laboratory mice and rats.

Water Extract of the Chaga Medicinal Mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Agaricomycetes), Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Vero E6 and Vero Cell Culture Experiments.

The antiviral properties of water extracts from pharmaceutical raw materials of the chaga mushroom, Inonotus obliquus, were studied against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). All studies with infectious materials were carried out in an isolated virological laboratory of the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector of Rospotrebnadzor, which has a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion for the right to work with pathogenic biological agents of I-II pathogenicity groups. Antiviral activity was determined by the ability of I.

Genome Features and Activity against Influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 Viruses of Six Probiotic Strains.

Purpose: The aim of this work was to analyze the complete genome of probiotic bacteria 8 RA 3, 90 TC-4, 39, 791, 1, and 379 and to test their activity against influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 viruses.

Methods: To confirm the taxonomic affiliation of the bacterial strains, MALDI TOF mass spectrometry and biochemical test systems were used. Whole genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina Inc.

Detection of Babesia caballi, Theileria mutans and Th. velifera in ixodid ticks collected from cattle in Guinea in 2017-2018.

Intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites from the genera Babesia and Theileria may infect a wide range of animals and humans. The purpose of this study was to detect the 18S ribosomal RNA gene of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp.

Estimation of Absolute Bioavailability of the Chemical Substance of the Anti-Smallpox Preparation NIOCH-14 in Mice.

We compared absolute bioavailability of the chemical substance of the anti-smallpox preparation NIOCH-14 and chemical compound ST-246 active against orthopoxviruses after oral administration to mice in doses of 10 and 50 μg/g and intravenous administration to mice in a dose of 2 μg/g body weight. The absolute bioavailability of NIOCH-14 is comparable with the absolute bioavailability of ST-246.

Activity of ergoferon against lethal influenza A (H3N2) virus infection in mice.

Background: The influenza A virus accounts for serious annual viral upper respiratory tract infections. It is constantly able to modify its antigenic structure, thus evading host defence mechanisms. Moreover, currently available anti-influenza agents have a rather limited application, emphasizing the further need for new effective treatments.

New effective chemically synthesized anti-smallpox compound NIOCH-14.

Antiviral activity of the new chemically synthesized compound NIOCH-14 (a derivative of tricyclodicarboxylic acid) in comparison with ST-246 (the condensed derivative of pyrroledione) was observed in experiments in vitro and in vivo using orthopoxviruses including highly pathogenic ones. After oral administration of NIOCH-14 to outbred ICR mice infected intranasally with 100 % lethal dose of ectromelia virus, it was shown that 50 % effective doses of NIOCH-14 and ST-246 did not significantly differ. The 'therapeutic window' varied from 1 day before infection to 6 days post-infection (p.

[Evaluation of therapeutic-prophylactic effectiveness of chemical compound NIOC-14 against ectromelia virus in vivo].

Aim: Study pharmacodynamic parameters of anti-viral effectiveness of a chemical compound NIOC-14 in experiments in mice infected with ectromelia virus (EV).

Materials And Methods: EV (K-1 strain) was obtained from the State Collection of Viral Infections and Rickettsioses Causative Agents of the State Scientific Centre of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector". Outbred ICR mice were intranasally infected with EV at a dose of 10 LD50 per animal (10 x 50% lethal doses/animal) and per orally received NIOC-14 or ST-246 as a positive control.

[A comparative study of the antiviral activity of chemical compounds concerning the orthopoxviruses experiments in vivo].

In the experiments using intranasal (i/n) infection of mice with the ectromelia virus (EV) in a dose 10 LD50/head (10 x 50% lethal doselhead) or with the monkaypox virus (MPXV) in a dose 10 ID50/head (10 x 50% infective dose/ head) it was demonstrated that the antiviral efficiency of chemical compounds - the condensed derivatives of pyrrolidin-2,5-dion, as well as their predecessors and the nearest analogues, synthesized in Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NIOCH SB RAS) was observed. As a positive control we used the antipoxvirus chemical preparation ST-246 available from SIGA Technologies Inc. (USA), synthesized in NIOCH SB RAS by the technique suggested by the authors.

[Efficacy of combined administration of ridostin and oseltamivir (tamiflu) for therapy and prophylaxis of experimental infection induced by influenza virus A (H5N1) in mice].

Aim: Study of possibility of treatment-prophylaxis effect increase during combined administration of ridostin and tamiflu in experiments in mice infected with highly pathogenic influenza virus strain A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1).

Materials And Methods: Balb/c line mice infected intranasally with influenza virus at 100 and 10 LD50 doses received ridostin and tamiflu as monopreparation or the combined variant before or after the infection. The mice were observed for 16 days, lethality rate, protection coefficient and average life span were evaluated.

[Evaluation of immunogenicity and safety of 2 immunizations with allantoic intranasal live influenza vaccine Ultragrivac].

Aim: Evaluate reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity in phase 2 clinical trials of 2 immunization schedules with Ultragrivac--an allantoic intranasal life influenza vaccine based on A/17/ duck/Potsdam/86/92 [17/H5] reassortant strain.

Materials And Methods: 4 groups of volunteers participated in the study: group 1--40 individuals were vaccinated twice with a 10 day interval; group 2--40 individuals were vaccinated twice with a 21 day interval; group 3 (control)--10 individuals received placebo twice with a 10 day interval; group 4 (control)--10 individuals received placebo twice with a 21 day interval. Local (secretory IgA), cellular and humoral immune response were evaluated.

[Studies of properties of pandemic influenza virus A/H1N1 circulated in Russian Federation in 2009 - 2010].

Aim: Studies of cultural, virologic, antigenic properties of 89 samples of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus isolated in Russian Federation from May 2009 to March 2010.

Materials And Methods: Properties of isolated samples were compared with those of the reference strain A/ California/04/2009 (H1N1).

Results: Studies of biological properties and analysis of genome nucleotide sequences of the isolated samples showed that those strains are closely related to the reference strain.

[In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Ingavirin against strains of pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1/09)v].

Aim: To study efficacy of Ingavirin in vitro and in vivo against strains of pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1/09)v and influenza virus A(H5N1) and A(H3N2).

Materials And Methods: Changes in hemagglutinating and cytopathic activity of influenza virus strains A(H1N1/09)v, A(H5N1) and A(H3N2) during their incubation in the presence of Ingavirin or Remantadin on MDCK cell culture were studied. In mice infected by influenza strains A(H1N1/09)v and A(H3N2) and orally treated with Ingavirin, Tamiflu or Remantadin virus titers in lungs were measured.

[Study of antiviral activity of extracts obtained from basidial fungi against influenza viruses of different subtypes in experiments in vitro and in vivo].

Aim: To study antiviral activity of extracts obtained from basidial fungi against influenza viruses of different subtypes.

Materials And Methods: Antiviral activity of extracts obtained from basidial fungi against influenza virus A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) was determined in in vitro experiments. Changes in infectiousness of pandemic influenza virus A/Moscow/226/2009 (HIN1)v caused by extracts of basidial fungi was studied in experiments in vitro and in vivo.

[Study of efficacy of anaferon pediatric in mice infected by pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1/09)v].

Aim: To study efficacy of anaferon pediatric in mice infected by pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1/09)v.

Materials And Methods: Influenza virus strain A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)v was used. Three groups of BALB/c mice intranasally inoculated with influenza virus were studied.

Antiviral activity of Anaferon (pediatric formulation) in mice infected with pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1/09).

Anaferon (pediatric formulation) administered in the therapeutic-and-prophylactic regimen to mice receiving intranasally 100% infecting dose of A/California/07/2009(H1N1)v influenza virus exhibited an antiviral effect and 10-fold reduced the production of influenza virus in the lungs of infected mice on days 4, 6, and 8 after infection compared to the control (distilled water). The efficiency of Anaferon (pediatric formulation) administered before and after infection with A/California/07/2009(H1N1)v influenza virus was not inferior to the use of Tamiflu after infection.

[In vivo efficacy of Ingavirin against pandemic A (H1N1/09)v influenza virus].

Ingavirin was shown to be efficient in inhibition of the pandemic influenza virus strains A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)v, A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)v, A/Moscow/225/2009 (H1N1)v and A/Moscow/226/2009 (H1N1)v. as well as the influenza virus strain A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) in the lungs of the infected mice. After oral administration of Ingavirin the titers of the influenza virus strains in the lung homogenates lowered.

[In vitro efficacy of Ingavirin against the pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1/09)v].

Ingavirin was shown to be efficient in inhibition of the influenza virus strains A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)v, A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)v, A/Moscow/225/2009 (H1N1)v and A/Moscow/226/2009 (H1N1)v, as well as the strains A/Chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) in the MDCK cell culture. The hemagglutinin and cytopathic activity of the influenza virus strains decreased at entering Ingavirin in vitro.

Inactivation and mineralization of aerosol deposited model pathogenic microorganisms over TiO2 and Pt/TiO2.

Air disinfection from bacteria and viruses by means of photocatalytic oxidation is investigated with microorganisms loaded over photocatalysts' films from aerosols. Deposition method and equipment have been developed to load Mycobacterium smegmatis , Bacillus thuringiensis , vaccinia virus, and influenza A (H3N2) virus on slides with undoped TiO(2) and platinized sulfated TiO(2) (Pt/TiO(2)). Inactivation dynamics was measured under UVA irradiation and in the dark.

[Results of clinical trials on reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity of influenza allantoic intranasal live vaccine "Ultragrivac" (type A/H5N2)].

Results of phase II of a clinical trial of the influenza allantoic intranasal live vaccine "Ultragrivac" (type A/H5N2) are presented. The vaccine was developed based on strain /17/Duck/Potsdam/86/92 H5N2 [17/H5] - reassortant of two viruses, /Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) and /Duck/Potsdam/1402-86 (H5N2), obtained from the Virology Department, St. Petersburg Institute of Experimental Medicine.

Study of efficiency of therapeutic and preventive anaferon (pediatric formulation) in mice with influenza infection.

Therapeutic and preventive treatment of mice intranasally infected with a lethal dose of A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) influenza virus with anaferon (pediatric formulation) demonstrated an antiviral effect of the drug (increased percent of survivors and prolonged lifespan).

Comparative analysis of reproduction of influenza virus strains in cell lines perspective for the creation of cultural vaccines grown on nutrient medium on the basis of rise flour protein hydrolysate.

We studied vaccine strains of influenza viruses A and B during their culturing in MDCK and Vero cells grown in Eagle's MEM medium and in a medium on the basis of enzyme hydrolysate of rise flour proteins with reduced (2%) content of fetal calf serum. Optimal conditions for cell culturing and reproduction of influenza virus strains in these cells were studied. Culturing of vaccine strains of influenza viruses in MDCK and Vero cells grown in nutrient media on the basis of rise flour protein hydrolysate yielded high infection titers, which suggests that this medium can be used for the development of cultural influenza vaccine.

[4647-cell culture for preparation of recombinant bivaccine against smallpox and hepatitis B].

The seeding and working banks of a 4647-cell culture have been created. The 4647-cell culture in these banks has a high proliferative activity, as well as the morphology, typical of this line, and the karyotype and the enzymogram, which are characteristic for the cells of an African talapoin (Cercopithecus aethiops). The culture is not contaminated with bacteria, fungi, Mycoplasma, and viruses, including oncoviruses.