Circulating anti-Müllerian hormone levels in relation to nutritional status and selected adipokines levels in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between nutritional status, selected adipokines and plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Study Design Patients And Measurements: A prospective, cross-sectional study, involving 87 PCOS (48 obese) women and 67 non-PCOS women (36 obese). Anthropometric parameters were measured, and body composition was determined by the bioimpedance method.

Plasma omentin and adiponectin levels as markers of adipose tissue dysfunction in normal weight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: It is suggested that disturbed adipokines release plays a role in PCOS pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess plasma levels of omentin and adiponectin as well as the omentin to adiponectin ratio, as markers of adipose tissue dysfunction in relation to hormonal or metabolic changes in PCOS.

Study Design, Patients And Measurements: A cross-sectional study involved 87 PCOS (48 obese) and 72 non-PCOS women (41 obese).

Combined oral contraceptives affect liver mitochondrial activity.

Objectives: To examine liver mitochondrial function in women using combined oral contraceptives (COCs) containing ethinylestradiol.

Methods: A breath test after oral administration of 1 mg/kg (13)C-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid ((13)C-KICA) and 20 mg/kg L-leucine was performed twice: (i) in 15 women on day 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 of COC intake, and between day 1 and 5 of the withdrawal bleeding; and (ii) in 15 regularly menstruating females not taking hormonal contraceptives: during the luteal phase, between the 18th and the 22nd day of the cycle, and again between day 1 and 5 of the menstruation.

Results: In women on COCs the maximum (13)C elimination in breath air (Dmax) was higher (26.

Anti-Müllerian hormone dynamics during ovulation induction treatment with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Introduction: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been suggested as a predictor of ovarian response to ovulation induction and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

Material And Methods: Twenty-six women, wishing to become pregnant and who showed resistance to clomiphene citrate, were included in the study. All women received recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (recFSH).

Impact of combined oral contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol on the liver microsomal metabolism.

Objectives: To check whether currently used combined oral contraceptives (COCs) containing ethinylestradiol (EE) affect the liver microsomal metabolism.

Methods: (13)C-methacetin breath test ((13)C-MBT) - a sensitive non-invasive probe of cytochrome P-450 1A2 activity - was performed in 15 women on day 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 of intake of their COC (containing EE), and between day 1 and 5 during the withdrawal bleeding, as well as in nine women not using hormonal contraception during the luteal phase of their cycle (between the 17th and the 23rd day), and between day 1 and 5 during menstruation.

Results: The maximum breath (13)C elimination was significantly lower during the phase of intake of contraceptive pills than during withdrawal bleeding: 31.

MURCS Association with Partial Duplication of the Distal Long Chromosome 5 and Unilateral Ovarian Agenesis.

A combination of the congenital abnormalities, Müllerian duct aplasia, renal aplasia, and cervicothoracic somite dysplasia, is defined as the MURCS association. Various genetic defects have been described in the MURCS association so far, yet the unambiguous molecular basis of these disorders has not been established. We report the case of an 18-year-old woman who presented with primary amenorrhea, right kidney, Arnold-Chiari malformation, and Klippel-Feil syndrome.

Circulating apelin level in relation to nutritional status in polycystic ovary syndrome and its association with metabolic and hormonal disturbances.

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyse relationships between plasma apelin-36 and apelin-12 levels, nutritional status, insulin resistance and hormonal disturbances, as well as plasma adiponectin, leptin and resistin concentrations in PCOS women.

Study Design Patients And Measurements: A cross-sectional study involving 87 PCOS (48 obese) and 67 non-PCOS women (36 obese). Anthropometric parameters and body composition were determined.

Psychological disturbances and quality of life in obese and infertile women and men.

Anovulatory cycles and endometriosis are the main causes of female infertility. The most frequently anovulatory cycles are related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) commonly associated with obesity and hormonal disturbances in the course of obesity. Recently published studies revealed that infertility affects about one in six couples during their lifetime and is more frequent in obese.

Are plasma levels of visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) associated with body mass, metabolic and hormonal disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome?

Objective: To analyze potential interactions of visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels with body mass, metabolic, and hormonal status in normal weight and obese women with PCOS.

Study Design: Body composition was determined by bioimpedance in 83 women (44 obese) diagnosed with PCOS and in 67 women (36 obese) without PCOS. In addition, serum glucose, lipids, androgens, FSH, LH, SHBG, insulin, visfatin, and RBP4 were measured in a fasting state and the free androgen index (FAI) was calculated, as was insulin resistance using the HOMA-IR assessment.

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in women.

This article presents the role of the hypothalamus in reproduction, the definition of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), and the causes of acquired and syndromic HH and idiopathic HH (IHH). The authors present a short review of major causes of acquired HH, but most of the causes of IHH will not be discussed because they do not fall within the scope of the article. More attention is devoted to idiopathic HH, especially the genetic basis of IHH.

Is the plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level associated with body weight and metabolic, and hormonal disturbances in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome?

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze interrelation between AMH levels and body weight, metabolic, and hormonal status in normal and overweight weight women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Study Design: Eighty-seven women (54 normal weight and 33 overweight) diagnosed with PCOS and 50 apparently healthy women - Non-PCOS (28 normal weight and 22 overweight) were enrolled. The body weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated.

[Anti-Müllerian hormone and fertility disturbances in obese women and women with polycystic ovary syndrome].

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) belongs to a family of growth and differentiation factors beta (TGF-beta). In male fetuses AMH induces regression of Müller's ducts whereas in female ones this hormone plays an important role during adolescence and reproductive period. AMH participates in regulation of folliculogenesis by inhibiting the recruitment of prenatal and antral follicles.

Clinical observations and hormone screenings of patients with non-standard hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex.

Background: Non-standard hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex is a rare endocrinopathy causing the incidence of hyperandrogenism among women of procreative age. The primary objective of this paper is the specification of the clinical picture and modifications of the concentration of pituitary, ovarian and adrenal hormones in the blood of female patients with the syndrome of non-standard hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex (NPKN).

Material And Methods: In the Gynaecological Endocrinology Clinic of the Silesian Medical University in Katowice, Poland, 2,353 female patients were hospitalised between 1 January 2003 and 30 June 2009 with symptoms of hyperandrogenism.

Serum adiponectin and resistin in relation to insulin resistance and markers of hyperandrogenism in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objectives: It seems that adipokines participate in disturbances of the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between plasma adiponectin and resistin levels and insulin resistance and markers of hyperandrogenism in lean and obese PCOS women.

Study Design: Forty-one women with PCOS (22 lean and 19 obese) and 16 healthy lean women were enrolled.

A case of premature ovarian failure (POF) in a 31-year-old woman with a 47,XXX karyotype.

A case of POF in a 31-year-old woman with karyotype 47,XXX. The aim of the study was to discuss a case of POF in a 31-year-old patient with polysomy 47,XXX. The described karyotype is not usually associated with this characteristic physical phenotype.

[Progress in gynecological endocrinology].

The following paper attempted to present key articles on gynaecological endocrinology, published in the last three years. The aim of this study was not to describe and discuss complex and detailed endocrinological disorders. The author assumed readers possess appropriate knowledge about the presented issues.

[The influence of anti-Mullerian hormone on folliculogenesis].

The main biological role of the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is to induce the involution of the Muller ducts in embryos during differentiation of masculine gender. In case of women, AMH is produced in granular cells of primary, preantral and antral follicles. The expression of AMH initiates at the moment of the follicle recruitment and it lasts until the stage of an antral follicle.

[Analysis of leptin pulses in serum in women with polycystic ovary syndrome].

Objectives: Authors estimate the influence of body mass on the leptin serum concentrations changes in course of 24 hours in twelve women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Material And Methods: The course of leptin pulses was analysed in two volunteers' six-persons groups, both with PCOS. first group with BMI < 22 kg/m2 and the second group with BMI >26 kg/m2.

Expression of aromatase and 5-alpha-reductase genes in endometrial adenocarcinoma.

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of genes coding aromatase and 5-alpha-reductase type 1 and type 2 in endometrial adenocarcinoma, with parallel analysis of testosterone concentrations in serum isolated from blood of basilic and ovarian vein. A significant difference between the copy numbers of mRNA for 5-alpha-reductase type 1 and type 2 was disclosed. The content of the mRNA copies was higher for 5-alpha-reductase type 2 than for type 1.

[The metabolic aspects of polycystic ovarian syndrome].

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is considered to be the main reason of hyperandrogenism in reproductive women. There are often metabolic disorders connected with carbohydrate and adipose metabolism in the patients with PCOS. However, presence of metabolic disorders does not influence the diagnosis of the syndrome.

[HRT in 2006].

According to present terminology, the name: hormonal replacement therapy (as the use of ovarian hormones in postmenopausal women) is replaced by the systemic estrogen therapy (ET) and combined combined estrogen-progestogen therapy (EPT). Treatment with estrogen and progestagens in this period of women's life is accepted intervention only when the strict defined conditions of this therapy are maintained. This paper introduces present rules of the use of systemic ET and EPT according to statements of experts who are interested of menopausal women' treatment.