How are sex-gender differences in chair-and-desk-based postural variability explained? A scoping review.

Background: Desk-work-related musculoskeletal pain is more prevalent among female workers than male workers. This may be contributed to by sex and/or gender differences in postural variability however, the mechanisms underpinning these differences are poorly understood. This review investigates whether desk-based postural variability studies investigate sex-gender differences and, how they explain the mechanisms behind these differences.

The effect of physical exercise on anxiety in people with parkinson's disease: A systematic review of randomized control trials.

Background: Anxiety is a prominent disabling non-motor neuropsychiatric complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). Pharmacological treatments for PD and anxiety have drug interactions and negative side effects. Therefore, non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise has been proposed to reduce anxiety in people with PD (PwP).

Towards universal health coverage for people with stroke in South Africa: a scoping review.

Objectives: To explore the opportunities and challenges within the health system to facilitate the achievement of universal health coverage (UHC) for people with stroke (PWS) in South Africa (SA).

Setting: SA.

Design: Scoping review.

Perspectives of spinal health within the school setting in a South African rural region: A qualitative study.

Background: Spinal pain is one of the leading causes of morbidity globally. There is an increase in the number of children and adolescents who experience spinal pain and the lifetime prevalence of adolescent spinal pain varies between countries. In Africa, one in two adolescents experiences spinal pain and the prevalence is increasing.

Achieving universal health coverage for people with stroke in South Africa: protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: Stroke is the second most common cause of death after HIV/AIDS and a significant health burden in South Africa. The extent to which universal health coverage (UHC) is achieved for people with stroke in South Africa is unknown. Therefore, a scoping review to explore the opportunities and challenges within the South African health system to facilitate the achievement of UHC for people with stroke is warranted.

Spinal tuberculosis: A systematic review of case studies and development of an evidence-based clinical guidance tool for early detection.

Rationale, Aims, And Objectives: Despite research being done on spinal tuberculosis, diagnosing this condition at an early stage remains problematic due to its insidious onset and the varying symptoms being associated. Most individuals present to the health care facility with either simple back pain at an early stage or neurological complications at a later stage, when spinal compression and vertebral collapse have occurred as a result of delayed diagnosis. The prevention of secondary complications is therefore dependent on early recognition and diagnosis.

Does a prototype 'Experimental' chair facilitate more postural changes in computing adolescents compared to a normal school chair?

Background: Prolonged sitting, such as when computing, has been linked to adolescent spinal pain. A chair should fit the user's body dimensions and aid the user in frequently changing sitting posture, rather than support one 'ideal' posture. Such a chair is not currently available to high school learners.

The effect of vision on knee biomechanics during functional activities - A systematic review.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of occluded vision on lower limb kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint during functional tasks including drop landing (single or double leg), squatting (single or double leg), stepping down, cutting movement and hopping in healthy individuals, or individuals who had an ACL reconstruction or deficiency with no vision impairments.

Design: A systematic review was conducted.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted and electronic databases were searched between March 2012 and April 2013 for eligible papers.

Frequency of postural changes during sitting whilst using a desktop computer--exploring an analytical methodology.

Background: Dynamic movement whilst sitting is advocated as a way to reduce musculoskeletal symptoms from seated activities. Conventionally, in ergonomics research, only a 'snapshot' of static sitting posture is captured, which does not provide information on the number or type of movements over a period of time. A novel approach to analyse the number of postural changes whist sitting was employed in order to describe the sitting behaviour of adolescents whilst undertaking computing activities.

Effect of running retraining on pain, function, and lower-extremity biomechanics in a female runner with iliotibial band syndrome.

Context: Iliotibial-band syndrome (ITBS) is a common overuse running injury. There is inconclusive evidence to support current management strategies, and few advances have been made in the past few years. New management approaches should thus be developed and evaluated.

The anthropometric match between high school learners of the Cape Metropole area, Western Cape, South Africa and their computer workstation at school.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to present anthropometric data from high school students in Cape Metropole area, Western Cape, South Africa that are relevant for chair design and whether the dimensions of computer laboratory chairs currently used in high schools match linear anthropometrics of high-school students. Summary of Background Data.

The effectiveness of a chair intervention in the workplace to reduce musculoskeletal symptoms. A systematic review.

Background: Prolonged sitting has been associated with musculoskeletal dysfunction. For desk workers, workstation modifications frequently address the work surface and chair. Chairs which can prevent abnormal strain of the neuromuscular system may aid in preventing musculo-skeletal pain and discomfort.

Photographic measurement of upper-body sitting posture of high school students: a reliability and validity study.

Background: All the reported measures of sitting posture, as well as photographs, have one flaw, as these measures are external to the body. These measures use calculations from external bony landmarks to estimate spinal posture, on the understanding that what is being measured externally reflects the shape, health and performance of structures of the underlying spine. Without a comparative measure of the relative position of the structures of the spine, the validity of any external spinal posture measure cannot be established.