Barriers and Enablers to Maintaining Behaviour Changes Following a Lifestyle Intervention for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Aim: To explore short-term barriers and enablers to maintaining behaviour changes in adults with type 2 diabetes who had completed a lifestyle behaviour change program.

Methods: Focus groups with 44 participants identified barriers and enablers at the end-of-program (n = 8 groups: ); and, 1-month post-program (n = 6 groups: ). Thematic inductive analysis was undertaken independently by two authors, discussed, then deductively grouped according to the Capability (physical, psychological), Opportunity (physical, social), Motivation (automatic, reflective) - Behaviour (COM-B) model.

Dietary Health Communication and Conversation Analysis: A Scoping Review.

Globally, many people don't eat a healthy diet despite policies and public health frameworks deployed to improve dietary status. Healthy diets can prevent, manage, and even reverse chronic disease, highlighting the importance of health professionals addressing healthy diets in clinical consultations. Conversation analysis (CA) is a method that can be used to understand dietary talk in these clinical consultations; however, it is unclear to what extent CA has been used for this purpose.

Understanding the Relationship Between Attachment Orientation and Physical Activity Participation: An Exploratory Study.

Background: Physical inactivity is recognized as a global health challenge. Attachment theory may provide insight into individual physical activity (PA) patterns, informing the development of PA interventions to promote the maintenance of behavior change. This study investigated the associations between attachment orientation and why and how individuals engage in PA.

Effectiveness of physical activity interventions on undergraduate students' mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of physical activity interventions on undergraduate students' mental health. Seven databases were searched and a total of 59 studies were included. Studies with a comparable control group were meta-analysed, and remaining studies were narratively synthesized.

Perspectives of people with myasthenia gravis on physical activity and experience of physical activity advice from health professionals in the Australian context: a qualitative study.

Purpose: Physical activity is an important modifiable determinant of health. There has been a historical aversion to movement in people with myasthenia gravis (MG) due to the pathophysiology of the disease, however, research suggests engagement in physical activity is safe and does not exacerbate symptoms. There are currently no studies investigating the qualitative perspectives of people with MG on physical activity.

Data from four consecutive cohorts of students in Australia (2019-2022) show the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic and international university students' mental health.

Introduction: COVID-19 and related travel and social restrictions caused significant stress for university students in Australia and globally. Learning quickly moved online and many students (particularly international students) were separated from social and economic support. This study examined the impact of the pandemic from pre-pandemic (2019) to the COVID-19 Omicron wave (2022) on domestic and international students' mental health.

Predictors of real-world adherence to prescribed home exercise in older patients with a risk of falling: A prospective observational study.

Objectives: Using a multi-ethnic Asian population, this study assessed adherence to prescribed home exercise programs, explored factors predicting adherence, and evaluated whether home exercise adherence was associated with physical activity.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in 68 older adults (aged ≥65 years) from two geriatric outpatient clinics in Singapore, who were receiving tailored home exercises while undergoing 6 weeks of outpatient physical therapy for falls prevention. Adherence was measured as the percentage of prescribed sessions completed.

Physical activity behaviour change in people living with and beyond cancer following an exercise intervention: a systematic review.

Purpose: Exercise interventions can increase physical activity and wellbeing of people living with/beyond cancer. However, little is known about maintenance of physical activity in this population ≥ 6 months post-exercise intervention, when theoretical evidence suggests behaviour maintenance occurs. Study aims are to (i) systematically review maintenance of physical activity ≥ 6-month post-exercise intervention, and (ii) investigate the influence of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) on physical activity maintenance in people living with/beyond cancer.

The efficacy of morning versus evening exercise for weight loss: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of morning versus evening exercise on weight loss, cardiometabolic health, and components of energy balance.

Methods: A total of 100 inactive adults with overweight or obesity were randomized to morning exercise (AMEx; 06:00-09:00), evening exercise (PMEx; 16:00-19:00), or wait-list control (CON). AMEx and PMEx were prescribed 250 min·wk of self-paced aerobic exercise for 12 weeks.

Results from the Australian 2022 Report Card on physical activity for children and young people.

Background: Past Physical Activity Report Cards have indicated a minority of Australian children and young people are sufficiently active. The purpose of this paper is to summarise grades across 10 indicators of the 2022 Australian Physical Activity Report Card, to assess physical activity behaviours and supports.

Methods: A development team consisting of research experts synthesised and evaluated national and state level data to inform grades for each indicator.

The effect of sleep and semantic information on associative novel word learning.

This study investigated the effect of overnight sleep on associative novel word learning and examined whether the effects of sleep on word learning are modulated by the provision of semantic information. Seventy-five healthy young adults attended an initial word-learning session followed by a delayed testing session. An interval of overnight sleep (sleep group) or daytime wakefulness (wake group) separated the two sessions.

How do previously inactive individuals restructure their time to 'fit in' morning or evening exercise: a randomized controlled trial.

The objective of this study was to investigate changes in sedentary and active behaviors when previously inactive adults start exercising in the morning or evening. One-hundred adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) were recruited for a 12-week intervention and randomized to one of three groups: (i) morning exercise (AMEx; 0600-0900); (ii) evening exercise (PMEx; 1600-1900); or (iii) waitlist control. AMEx and PMEx were prescribed self-paced aerobic exercise to achieve a weekly total of 250 min via a combination of supervised and unsupervised training.

Effects of a therapeutic exercise program in children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: In the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the benefits of therapeutic exercise programs involving children with bronchiectasis, we undertook a pilot RCT to evaluate the effects of a play-based therapeutic exercise program on fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency. The effects of the program on cardiorespiratory fitness, perceived competence, and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) were examined as secondary outcomes.

Methods: Children [median (IQR) age: 6.

Dietary intake and educational outcomes among Australian university students: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations.

Objective: This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between dietary intake and educational outcomes (EO) in Australian first-year university students.

Design: This cross-sectional and longitudinal study measured outcomes of interest at three points over 1 year. Measures included self-reported dietary patterns and dietary intake via a three-day estimated food record.

Barriers to and Facilitators of Adherence to Prescribed Home Exercise in Older Adults at Risk of Falling in Singapore: A Qualitative Study.

Adherence to prescribed exercise poses significant challenges for older adults despite proven benefits. The aim of this exploratory descriptive qualitative study was to explore the perceived barriers to and facilitators of prescribed home exercise adherence in community-dwelling adults 65 years and older. Three focus groups with 17 older adults (Mage ± SD = 77 ± 5.

Effects of fitness and fatness on age-related arterial stiffening in people with type 2 diabetes.

People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at a greater risk of cardiovascular disease than the general population. Both non-modifiable (age) and modifiable (low aerobic fitness, high body fatness) factors are separately predictive of cardiovascular risk, although they often occur concomitantly. This study aimed to examine the (1) association between age and arterial stiffness, a subclinical marker of cardiovascular risk; and (2) effects of body fatness and aerobic fitness on age-related increases in arterial stiffness in people with T2D.

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Educational Outcomes Among Australian University Students: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations.

Background: This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and educational outcomes (EO) in first-year university students in Australia.

Method: Participants (N = 80) engaged in 3 data collection points (semesters 1, 2, and 3) that included self-reported and device-based PA and SB, and objective EO measures. Cross-sectional associations were examined using linear and binary logistic regressions, and longitudinal associations were examined using generalized estimating equations.

Behaviour Change Techniques in Computerized Cognitive Training for Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

We aimed to describe behaviour change techniques (BCT) used in trials evaluating computerised cognitive training (CCT) in cognitively healthy older adults, and explore whether BCTs are associated with improved adherence and efficacy. The 90 papers included in a recent meta-analysis were reviewed for information about adherence and use of BCTs in accordance with the Behaviour Change Taxonomy. Studies using a specific BCT were compared with studies not using that BCT on efficacy (difference in Hedges' g [Δg]) using three level meta-regression models and on median adherence using the Wilcoxon test.

Physiotherapy student clinical placements in Australian private practice: Patient-reported outcomes with supervised student care.

Background And Purpose: The sustainability of physiotherapy clinical placements is an ongoing challenge, yet there is potential to increase placement capacity within the private practice sector. Barriers to hosting students, including perceived impacts on patient care, reportedly limit the uptake of hosting students within this setting. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physiotherapy student involvement on patient-reported Global Rating of Change (GRoC) in Australian physiotherapy private practice care.