Multifactorial in vivo regulation of the photoreceptor channelrhodopsin-1 abundance.

Oriented movement (phototaxis) is an efficient way to optimize light-driven processes and to avoid photodamage for motile algae. In Chlamydomonas the receptors for phototaxis are the channelrhodopsins ChR1 and ChR2. Both are directly light-gated, plasma membrane-localized cation channels.

Deciphering the role of cytoplasmic domain of Channelrhodopsin in modulation of the interactome and SUMOylome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Translocation of channelrhodopsins (ChRs) is mediated by the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery. However, the functional role of the network involving photoreceptors, IFT and other proteins in controlling algal ciliary motility is still not fully delineated. In the current study, we have identified two important motifs at the C-terminus of ChR1, VXPX and LKNE.

Gene Editing in Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii via CRISPR-Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins.

With the establishment of the CRISPR-Cas9 molecular tool as a DNA editing system in 2012, the handling of gene editing experiments was strongly facilitated pushing reverse genetics approaches forward in many organisms. These new gene editing technologies also drastically increased the possibilities for design-driven synthetic biology. Here, we describe a protocol for gene editing in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using preassembled CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins.

Correction of shape distortions in laser beams apodized with circular serrated apertures.

Flat-top laser beams produced with apodizers comprising a circular serrated aperture and spatial filter are not optimal for propagation over long distances. Residual intensity fluctuations across the overall smooth profile at the apodizer exit significantly accelerate degradation of the beam at small Fresnel numbers. By solving the parabolic equation for uniform and Gaussian beams propagating through a serrated aperture apodizer, we show that a narrow opaque ring installed inside the serrated aperture can largely suppress unwanted diffraction effects and bring the output amplitude profile close to the flattened Gaussian function.

Chlamydomonas POLQ is necessary for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene targeting.

The use of CRISPR/Cas endonucleases has revolutionized gene editing techniques for research on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. To better utilize the CRISPR/Cas system, it is essential to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the DNA repair pathways involved in genome editing. In this study, we have analyzed contributions from canonical KU80/KU70-dependent nonhomologous end-joining (cNHEJ) and DNA polymerase theta (POLQ)-mediated end joining on SpCas9-mediated untemplated mutagenesis and homology-directed repair (HDR)/gene inactivation in Chlamydomonas.

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid, Additively Manufactured TiAlV after Thermomechanical Processing.

In the present study, we propose a hybrid manufacturing route to produce high-quality TiAlV parts, combining additive powder laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) for manufacturing of preforms, with subsequent hot forging as a thermomechanical processing (TMP) step. After L-DED, the material was hot formed at two different temperatures (930 °C and 1070 °C) and subsequently heat-treated for stress relief annealing. Tensile tests were performed on small sub-samples, taking into account different sample orientations with respect to the L-DED build direction and resulting in very good tensile strengths and ductility properties, similar or superior to the forged material.

Prognostic Model of Typical Complications Caused by Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Unlabelled: was to develop a prognostic model based on statistical discriminant analysis to assess the risk of postoperative disturbance of cardiac conduction and paraprosthetic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Materials And Methods: Clinical data of 10 patients implanted with CoreValve prostheses (Medtronic Inc., USA) were used to develop prognostic models.

[Symbolic struggle for policy implementation of «active aging» in the Russian social and labor sphere.].

The article examines the social processes accompanying implementation of the policy «active aging» in the Russian social and labor spheres. The basic concepts of «active aging» are briefly introduced and possible social mechanisms of its application are discussed in the first section of the article. Special importance is given to the analysis of social rights which form the basis for different models of the development of public welfare and the population's quality of life.

Laser beam shaping with circular serrated apertures. II. Theory of the beam profile formation.

Propagation of an axially symmetrical beam through an apodizer comprising a circular serrated aperture and a spatial filter is considered on the basis of the parabolic equation solution. In Part II, the equation is solved for uniform and Gaussian beams with a flat wavefront propagating from the spatial filter pinhole to its exit. It is shown that serrations with complex shapes (for instance, cosine or parabolic) have no advantage over a simple triangular shape: practically the same beam profiles can be obtained with triangular serrations of slightly different size.

Laser beam shaping with circular serrated apertures. I. Spatial filtering.

Propagation of an axially symmetrical beam through an apodizer comprising a circular serrated aperture and a spatial filter is considered on the basis of the parabolic equation solution. In part I, the equation is solved for uniform and Gaussian beams with a flat wavefront, which propagate from the circular serrated aperture to the spatial filter focal plane. By analyzing the field structure in the focal plane, the diameter of the spatial filter pinhole required for recovering the axial symmetry of the field at the spatial filter exit is determined as a function of the serrated aperture and spatial filter parameters.

Targeting of Photoreceptor Genes in via Zinc-Finger Nucleases and CRISPR/Cas9.

The fast-growing biflagellated single-celled chlorophyte is the most widely used alga in basic research. The physiological functions of the 18 sensory photoreceptors are of particular interest with respect to Chlamydomonas development and behavior. Despite the demonstration of gene editing in Chlamydomonas in 1995, the isolation of mutants lacking easily ascertained newly acquired phenotypes remains problematic due to low DNA recombination efficiency.

[NON-CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS PROGRESSION AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS].

The initial rate of non-coronary atherosclerosis progression in patients of different age groups before and after myocardial infarction (MI) was studied. 168 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were enrolled in the study; the age of 60 was a criterion for patients distribution into the study groups. It is established that one year after MI the patients younger than 60 years of age had recurrent acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and older patients had cerebral vascular accidents.

[Strategy of sinus rhythm restoration after single stage correction of mitral valve defect and maze procedure for improvement of efficacy and safety of anticoagulant therapy].

We analyzed clinical efficacy of a strategy of sinus rhythm (SR) restoration after single stage correction of mitral valve defect and failed radiofrequency maze procedure elaborated and realized in the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, and assessed its value for increase of efficacy and safety of anticoagulant therapy. First stage of this strategy--cardiosurgical treatment with maze procedure--resulted in restoration of SR in 61.8% of cases.

[The role of subclinical inflammation in progression of multifocal atherosclerosis during one year after myocardial infarction].

Aim: To elucidate role of subclinical inflammation in progression of atherosclerotic process in magistral noncoronary arteries in patients during one year after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI).

Material And Methods: We examined 168 men with MI (mean age 59.5 years).

Computer-aided design of the human aortic root.

The development of computer-based 3D models of the aortic root is one of the most important problems in constructing the prostheses for transcatheter aortic valve implantation. In the current study, we analyzed data from 117 patients with and without aortic valve disease and computed tomography data from 20 patients without aortic valvular diseases in order to estimate the average values of the diameter of the aortic annulus and other aortic root parameters. Based on these data, we developed a 3D model of human aortic root with unique geometry.

Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation after an unsuccessful surgical ablation and biological prosthetic mitral valve replacement: a pilot study.

Background: Patients with mitral valve (MV) disease and atrial fibrillation (AF) undergo simultaneous prosthetic valve replacement and radiofrequency (RF) ablation procedure; however, this combinational procedure restores sinus rhythm (SR) in only 68-82% of the cases. In patients with ineffective surgical ablation, the use of a biological prosthetic valve might not only be a good choice to perform safe catheter ablation procedure in the left atrium (LA), but also provide a way to discontinue administration of oral anticoagulants. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of catheter ablation for AF after MV replacement with a biological prosthesis and an ineffective surgical ablation procedure.

[Factors determining progression of atherosclerosis in extracoronary arteries after myocardial infarction].

Unlabelled: Aim of the study was to determine association between clinical-anamnestic factors and degree of progression of atherosclerotic process in magistral noncocronary arteries during one year after ST-elevation (STE) myocardial infarction (MI).

Material: We included into this study 168 men (mean age 59.5 years) with STEMI subjected during hospitalization to coronary angiography and duplex color scanning of brachiocephalic arteries and main arteries of lower extremities.

Nuclear gene targeting in Chlamydomonas using engineered zinc-finger nucleases.

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a versatile model for fundamental and biotechnological research. A wide range of tools for genetic manipulation have been developed for this alga, but specific modification of nuclear genes is still not routinely possible. Here, we present a nuclear gene targeting strategy for Chlamydomonas that is based on the application of zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs).

[Relationship between endothelial and erectile functions in patients with coronary heart disease].

The study included 92 men with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) aged 39-61 (mean 55 +/- 5.3) years. Groups 1 and 2 were comprised of 63 patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and 29 ones without it respectively.

[Metabolic and surgical predictors of restenoses and thromboses of biological grafts in the infrainguinal position].

The present study was aimed at revealing metabolic and surgical predictors of restenoses and thromboses of biological grafts "KemAngioprosthesis" in the infrainguinal position in the remote postoperative period. A total of 65patients (54.2% of the whole group) with primarily functioning bioprostheses underwent dispensary follow-up (consisting of comprehensive analysis of the haemostasis system, blood plasma lipid spectrum, findings of duplex scanning of the prosthesis and anastomosis zones).

Nuclear gene targeting in Chlamydomonas as exemplified by disruption of the PHOT gene.

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the most powerful photosynthetic eukaryotic unicellular model organism. However, its potential is not fully exploitable since as in most green plants specific targeting of nuclear genes is not routinely possible. Recently, we have shown by repair of an introduced truncated model gene that transformation of Chlamydomonas with single stranded DNA greatly suppresses random integration of the DNA in the genome whereas homologous recombination (HR) is left unchanged.

Nuclear-gene targeting by using single-stranded DNA avoids illegitimate DNA integration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Homologous DNA recombination (HR) allows the deletion (knockout), repair (rescuing), and modification of a selected gene, thereby rendering a functional analysis of the gene product possible. However, targeting of nuclear genes has been an inefficient process in most eukaryotes, including algae, plants, and animals, due to the dominance of integration of the applied DNA into nonhomologous regions of the genome. We have shown for the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by repairing a previously introduced truncated aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase gene, aphVIII, that single-stranded DNA can recombine with a homologous endogenous DNA region of interest.

[Dependence of aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase VIII activity on protein serine/threonine kinases in Streptomyces rimosus].

In Streptomyces rimosus, selection with aminoglycoside kanamycin triggers "silent" aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (aph) VIII gene. Expression of aphVIII was accompanied by amplification of a chromosomal DNA fragment, which contained aphVIII. Earlier, S.

[Identification of Rad51 protein from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: recombinational characteristics].

The unicellular green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a perspective model object for basic and applied research. However, its homologous recombination (HR) system which lies in the basis of double-strand DNA break repair have still not been studied. Last years the program of C.

[Streptomyces rimosus aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase VIII: comparisons with aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferases of aminoglycoside-producing strains with eukaryotic protein kinases].

The nucleotide sequence was established for the aphVIII aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene of an oxytetracycline-producing Streptomyces rimosus strain. The gene is 804 bp in size and possibly codes for APHVIII of 267 residues. Heterologous expression of aphVIII was studied in Escherichia coli and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.