Microbiome-Based Therapeutics for Insomnia.

Insomnia poses considerable risks to both physical and mental health, leading to cognitive impairment, weakened immune function, metabolic dysfunction, cardiovascular issues, and reduced quality of life. Given the significant global increase in insomnia and the growing scientific evidence connecting gut microbiota to this disorder, targeting gut microbiota as an intervention for insomnia has gained popularity. In this review, we summarize current microbiome-based therapeutics for insomnia, including dietary modifications; probiotic, prebiotic, postbiotic, and synbiotic interventions; and fecal microbiota transplantation.

Improving global gross primary productivity estimation using two-leaf light use efficiency model by considering various environmental factors via machine learning.

Distinguishing gross primary productivity (GPP) into sunlit (GPP) and shaded (GPP) components is critical for understanding the carbon exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems under climate change. Recently, the two-leaf light use efficiency (TL-LUE) model has proven effective for simulating global GPP and GPP. However, no known physical method has focused on integrating the overall constraint of intricate environmental factors on photosynthetic capability, and seasonal differences in the foliage clumping index (CI), which most likely influences GPP estimation in LUE models.

A sandwich-type photoelectrochemical biosensor based on Ru(bpy) sensitized InS for aflatoxin B detection.

Aflatoxin B (AFB), classified as a class I carcinogen, is a widespread mycotoxin that poses a serious threat to public health and economic development, and the food safety problems caused by AFB have aroused worldwide concern. The development of accurate and sensitive methods for the detection of AFB is significant for food safety monitoring. In this work, a sandwich-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor for AFB detection was constructed on the basis of an aptamer-antibody structure.

Beneficial action of cinnamic acid against ovarian cancer via network pharmacology analysis and the pharmacological activity assessment.

Naturally occurring cinnamic acid (CA) shows the beneficial potential in the suppression of ovarian cancer (OC). Currently, the in-depth molecular mechanisms of CA to suppress OC are still undescribed entirely. Thus, our research used the preclinical methodology through network pharmacology approach and pharmacological evaluation in vitro to unshroud the anti-OC targets and mechanisms of CA.

Discovery of Multitarget Inhibitors against Insect Chitinolytic Enzymes via Machine Learning-Based Virtual Screening.

Multitarget inhibitors of insect chitinolytic enzymes are promising sources of green insecticides. Machine learning (ML) is an emerging virtual screening method that can accelerate drug discovery and reduce costs. Taking advantage of the data from our previous high-throughput screening work, we established a strategy integrating ML and molecular docking to screen a large natural product library (17 600 compounds) to identify novel multitarget inhibitors of four chitinolytic enzymes from the insect (ChtI, ChtII, Chi-h, and Hex1).

Chitinase is a Potent Insecticidal Molecular Target of Camptothecin and Its Derivatives.

Camptothecin (CPT) is a prominent molecule in natural product research because of its application prospects in medicine and agriculture. In this study, CPT and its derivatives were discovered to be competitive inhibitors of group II and group h insect chitinases, both of which are key components of insect chitinolytic systems. CPT and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) inhibited group II chitinase from (ChtII) with values of 5.

Event-triggered H consensus for uncertain nonlinear systems using integral sliding mode based adaptive dynamic programming.

This paper studies a robust optimal consensus problem for uncertain nonlinear multi-agent systems, where the uncertainties include both input and external disturbances. Adaptive distributed observer, integral sliding mode control and H adaptive dynamic programming are integrated to obtain a sub-optimal control protocol for each follower. Firstly, an adaptive distributed observer is designed for state estimation of the leader, which serves as the reference of the ADP algorithm.

Secondary Structural Ensemble Learning Cluster for Estimating the State of Health of Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Accurate online state-of-health (SOH) estimation can improve the operational efficiency of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and ensure the safety of energy storage systems. However, the complex electrochemical properties of LIBs make accurate SOH estimation challenging. To overcome this challenge, we propose a secondary structural ensemble learning (SSEL) cluster.

Validation of the DIGIROP-birth model in a Chinese cohort.

Background: We aimed to validate the predictive performance of the DIGIROP-Birth model for identifying treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (TR-ROP) in Chinese preterm infants to evaluate its generalizability across countries and races.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of preterm infants who were screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a single Chinese hospital between June 2015 and August 2020. The predictive performance of the model for TR-ROP was assessed through the construction of a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculating the areas under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.

Diagnostic Value of Portal Vein Velocity for Portal Hypertension in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-related Cirrhosis.

Background: Portal vein velocity (PVV) has shown a reasonable correlation with the presence of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis. This study aims to evaluate the value of PVV for diagnosing clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) and predicting the risk of variceal hemorrhage (VH) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 166 consecutive adult patients with HBV-related cirrhosis was recruited in this retrospective study from two high-volume liver centers in China between April 2015 and April 2017.

Efficacy of the WINROP algorithm for retinopathy of prematurity screening in Southern China.

Aim: To evaluate the predicting efficacy of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by the WINROP algorithm (http://winrop.com) in Southern China.

Methods: All preterm infants with the gestational age (GA) less than 32wk were included.

Universal Adversarial Attack on Attention and the Resulting Dataset DAmageNet.

Adversarial attacks on deep neural networks (DNNs) have been found for several years. However, the existing adversarial attacks have high success rates only when the information of the victim DNN is well-known or could be estimated by the structure similarity or massive queries. In this paper, we propose to Attack on Attention (AoA), a semantic property commonly shared by DNNs.

Self-assembling hydrogel loaded with 5-FU PLGA microspheres as a novel vitreous substitute for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

The vitreous substitute for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) surgery remains an unmet clinical need in ophthalmology. In our study, we developed an in situ formed hydrogel by crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan as a potential vitreous substitute. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were developed and loaded onto the PVA/chitosan hydrogels to treat PVR.

The risk of abnormal placentation and hemorrhage in subsequent pregnancy following primary elective cesarean delivery.

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between mode of first delivery with subsequent placenta previa, placenta accreta/increta, and significant postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). This retrospective cohort study included women with two consecutive singleton deliveries between 2007 and 2017 at our institution if the women were nulliparous and delivered at term at the time of first delivery. The first pregnancy delivery mode was classified as (1) vaginal delivery, (2) antepartum cesarean delivery (CD) without labor, or (3) intrapartum CD after the onset of labor.

The prognostic value of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) in cancers: a meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Quite a few studies had investigated the correlation between CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and cancer. This meta-analysis was aimed to comprehensively summarize the previous studies and to explore the prognostic value of CXCR2 in patients with cancer.

Materials And Methods: An adequate literature search in EMBASE and PubMed was conducted.