Dissociation-related behaviors in mice emerge from the inhibition of retrosplenial cortex parvalbumin interneurons.

Dissociation, characterized by altered consciousness and perception, underlies multiple mental disorders, but the specific neuronal subtypes involved remain elusive. In mice, we find that dissociation-inducing doses of ketamine significantly inhibit retrosplenial cortex (RSC) parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs), enhancing delta oscillations (1-3 Hz) and delta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (δ-γ PAC) and inducing dissociation-like behaviors. Optogenetic inhibition of RSC PV-INs triggers delta oscillations, δ-γ PAC, and some dissociation-like behaviors without ketamine.

The relationship between mitochondrial DNA haplotype and its copy number on body weight and morphological traits of Wuliangshan black-bone chickens.

Mitochondria play a pivotal role as carriers of genetic information through their circular DNA molecules. The rapid evolution of the D-loop region in mitochondria makes it an ideal molecular marker for exploring genetic differentiation among individuals within species and populations with close kinship. However, the influence of mtDNA D-loop region haplotypes and mtDNA copy numbers on phenotypic traits, particularly production traits in chickens, remains poorly understood.

Strength of clinical evidence supporting the United States Food and Drug Administration Accelerated Approvals from 2015 to 2022.

Background: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s Accelerated Approval (AA) pathway has increasingly used to authorize market approval of new drugs amid controversy. The present study aims to inform the most recent data on the strength of clinical evidence supporting such approvals.

Methods: Evidentiary characteristics of pre-approval pivotal clinical studies and regulator-required post-approval confirmatory studies supporting AAs between 2015 and 2022 were extracted from publicly available FDA documents.

dCasMINI-mediated therapy rescues photoreceptors degeneration in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is characterized by degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptors that progresses to irreversible blindness. Now, there are no mutation-agnostic approaches to treat RP. Here, we utilized a single adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based CRISPR activation system to activate phosphodiesterase 6B (Pde6b) to mitigate the severe degeneration in mice.

Anionic polymer coating for enhanced delivery of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA nanoplexes.

Polymeric carriers have long been recognized as some of the most effective and promising systems for nucleic acid delivery. In this study, we utilized an anionic di-block co-polymer, PEG-PLE, to enhance the performance of lipid-modified PEI (C14-PEI) nanoplexes for delivering Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA targeting KRAS G12S mutations in lung cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that PEG-PLE, when combined with C14-PEI at a weight-to-weight ratio of 0.

Changes in soluble sugars and the expression of sugar transporter protein genes in strawberry crowns responding to infection.

Unlabelled: Strawberry ( × ) production has been greatly hampered by anthracnose crown rot caused by . Crown, the modified stem of strawberry, is a sink organ involved in sugar allocation. Some Sugar Transport Proteins (STPs) are involved in competition for sugars between pathogen and host.

Harnessing m1A modification: a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy.

N1-methyladenosine (m1A) modification is an epigenetic change that occurs on RNA molecules, regulated by a suite of enzymes including methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and m1A-recognizing proteins (readers). This modification significantly impacts the function of RNA and various biological processes by affecting the structure, stability, translation, metabolism, and gene expression of RNA. Thereby, m1A modification is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of cancer.

, a Small Family of ABA Up-Regulated EAR Motif-Containing Proteins Regulate ABA Responses in Arabidopsis.

The abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway is crucial for regulating downstream ABA-responsive genes, which influence plant responses to ABA and abiotic stresses. However, many ABA-responsive genes remain poorly characterized. This study reports on the identification and characterization of ABA up-regulated EAR motif-containing proteins (), a novel family of EAR motif-containing proteins in .

Cell elongation and altered phytohormone levels play a role in establishing distyly in Averrhoa carambola.

The flowers of distylous plants exhibit two distinct morphologies that facilitate precise pollen transfer. Averrhoa carambola, a woody plant characterized by distyly, has an unclear molecular regulatory mechanism underlying this trait. Its prolonged flowering period and substantial flower production render it an excellent model for investigating the distylous syndrome.

Cardiovascular adverse events in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with trastuzumab-drug conjugates : a Bayesian disproportional real world study for signal detection leveraging the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Background: The cardiovascular risk profiles of trastuzumab drug conjugates (T-DCs) in the treatment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer are uncertain. This study analyzed real-world adverse events data from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to investigate the association between T-DCs and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Methods: We searched the FAERS database for reports of cardiovascular adverse events in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer receiving trastuzumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-Dxd).

A single-center retrospective study of ectopic lymphoid tissues in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: clinical pathological characteristics and prognostic value.

Background: In recent years, ectopic lymphoid tissue (ELT) has been increasingly confirmed as a new biomarker for kidney injury or inflammation. However, there is insufficient research on the relationship between ELT grading and the progression of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN).

Methods: A total of 147 patients with biopsy-proven IMN in our institution from March 2020 to June 2022 were classified into five grades based on the different distribution of lymphocyte subsets in renal tissue (G0: no B cells or T cells, G1: scattered B and T cells, G2: clustered B and T cells, G3: an aggregation region of B and T cells without a central network, G4: highly organized and formed zones of B and T cells with a central network of follicular dendritic cells and scattered macrophages), and were further divided into low-grade group (G0+G1), intermediate-grade group (G2) and high-grade group (G3+G4).

An Efficient Biosynthetic System for Developing Functional Silk Fibroin-Based Biomaterials.

Long historical evolution and domestication endow silkworms with the super ability to synthesize and secrete massive silk proteins using silk glands. The major component of this secretion consists of silk fibroin, considered a promising biomaterial for tissue repairs and engineering. To further expand the utility of this unique protein, there is a continuing need for silk fibroin functionalization.

M2 macrophages secrete CCL20 to regulate iron metabolism and promote daunorubicin resistance in AML cells.

Chemotherapy resistance is a significant clinical challenge in the treatment of leukemia. M2 macrophages have been identified as key contributors to the development of chemotherapy resistance in cancer, yet the precise mechanisms by which macrophages regulate this resistance remain elusive. Our study has identified CCL20 as a pivotal factor in the promotion of chemoresistance in AML cells by M2 macrophages.

Fabrication of a transforming growth factor β1 functionalized silk sericin hydrogel through genetical engineering to repair alveolar bone defects in rabbit.

Cleft palate is one of the most prevalent congenital craniofacial birth defects in human congenital facial anomaly. Severe cleft palate is usually accompanied by alveolar bone defects (ABDs). Growth factors (GFs) are considered as desirable opportunity to promote the craniofacial healing post the surgery.

The relationship between depression and insulin resistance in the population without diabetes: Results from the 2005-2016 NHANES.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR), a precursor of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders, is becoming more common owing to rising obesity rates. Depression, which affects 4.4 % of the global population, has been linked to IR; however, the findings are inconsistent.

Effect of exogenous IBA on root morphology and endogenous hormone Metabolic pathways in castor seedlings under Pb/Zn stress.

Ricinus communis, a plant of significant industrial value for its oil, is renowned for its robust root system and vigorous growth, qualities that render it an exemplary candidate for the ecological remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. The impact of heavy metal stress on root development is characterized by inhibition, a phenomenon whose underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. To shed light on this, a study was conducted wherein varying concentrations of the exogenous auxin, IBA, were applied to the roots of Ricinus communis to scrutinize its influence on the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolism in seedlings and to delineate the molecular underpinnings of its effects on root morphology.

Differences in intention to receive clinician-collected and self-collected samples for HPV DNA testing and its determinants between heterosexual males and females in Hong Kong, China: findings of a territory-wide household survey.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is prevalent among people who are sexually active. This study aimed to compare the levels of behavioral intention to receive free clinician-collected and self-collected samples for HPV DNA testing and its determinants between heterosexual males and females in Hong Kong, China.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a territory-wide survey conducted in Hong Kong between May 2021 and March 2022.

Origin of competing charge density waves in kagome metal ScVSn.

Understanding competing charge density wave (CDW) orders in the bilayer kagome metal ScVSn remains challenging. Experimentally, upon cooling, short-range order with wave vector forms, which is subsequently suppressed by the condensation of long-range CDW order at lower temperature. Theoretically, however, the q CDW is predicted as the ground state, leaving the CDW mechanism elusive.

Focused ultrasonic transducer for aircraft icing detection.

Ultrasonic detection technique (UDT) serves as a pivotal method for monitoring aircraft icing conditions. However, the inherently porous and irregular shape of atmospheric ice leads to a pronounced attenuation of ultrasonic wave energy during propagation. Current ultrasonic transducers (UTs) fall short of meeting the requisite sensitivity and depth parameters for effective detection.

Effects of ultrasound combined with pH shift modification on functional and structural properties of peanut proteins.

The parameters for ultrasound and pH shift co-modification of peanut proteins (PP) were optimized, and the functional properties, structures of PP were investigated. The results showed that under the optimum ultrasound-assisted pH-shift modification (UP-PPI), the solubility of PP increased by 40.5 % and 111.