A Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Dapagliflozin Formate, an Ester Prodrug of Dapagliflozin, to Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monohydrate in Healthy Subjects.

Background: Dapagliflozin formate (DAP-FOR, DA-2811), an ester prodrug of dapagliflozin, was developed to improve the stability and pharmaceutical manufacturing process of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of dapagliflozin for DAP-FOR compared to those for dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate (DAP-PDH, Forxiga) in healthy subjects.

Methods: This was an open-label, randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence crossover study.

Nickel-Borolide Complexes and Their Complex Electronic Structure.

Borolides (BC) can be considered as dianionic heterocyclic analogues of monoanionic cyclopentadienides. Although both are formally six-π-electron donors, we herein demonstrate that the electronic structure of their corresponding transition metal complexes differs significantly, leading to altered properties. Specifically, the 18-electron sandwich complex Ni(iPrNBCPh) () features an ∼90° angle between the Ni-B-N planes and is best described as a combination of three limiting resonance structures with the major contribution stemming from a formally Ni species bound to two monoanionic radical (BC) ligands.

Counterion Control of t-BuO-Mediated Single Electron Transfer to Nitrostilbenes to Construct N-Hydroxyindoles or Oxindoles.

tert-Butoxide unlocks new reactivity patterns embedded in nitroarenes. Exposure of nitrostilbenes to sodium tert-butoxide was found to produce N-hydroxyindoles at room temperature without an additive. Changing the counterion to potassium changed the reaction outcome to yield solely oxindoles through an unprecedented dioxygen-transfer reaction followed by a 1,2-phenyl migration.

A reaction-coordinate perspective of magnetic relaxation.

Understanding and utilizing the dynamic quantum properties of metal ions is the frontier of many next generation technologies. One property in particular, magnetic relaxation, is a complicated physical phenomenon that is scarcely treated in undergraduate coursework. Consequently, principles of magnetic relaxation are nearly impenetrable to starting synthetic chemists, who ultimately design the molecules that fuel new discoveries.

Kinetic versus thermodynamic metalation enables synthesis of isostructural homo- and heterometallic trinuclear clusters.

Temperature-dependent metalation of the new hexadentate ligand (tris(5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methane; HTPM) enables the selective synthesis of both mononuclear (i.e. Na(THF)[Fe(TPM)], kinetic product) and trinuclear (i.

Synergistic Effects of Imidazolium-Functionalization on fac-Mn(CO) Bipyridine Catalyst Platforms for Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction.

The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO) could be a powerful tool for generating chemical fuels and feedstock molecules relevant to the chemical industry. One of the major challenges for molecular catalysts remains the necessity of high overpotentials, which can be overcome by identifying novel routes that improve the energetic reaction trajectory of critical intermediates during catalysis. In this combined experimental and computational study, we show that imidazolium functionalization of molecular fac-Mn(CO) bipyridine complexes results in CO reduction at mild electrochemical potentials in the presence of HO.

Towards understanding of lanthanide-transition metal bonding: investigations of the first Ce-Fe bonded complex.

The syntheses, structural, and magnetic characterization of three new organometallic Ce complexes stabilized by PyCp22- (PyCp22- = [2,6-(CH2C5H3)2C5H3N]2-) are reported. Complex 1 provides the first example of a crystallographically characterized unsupported Ce-Fe bond in a molecular compound. Results from IR spectroscopy and computational analyses suggest weaker Fe → Ce electron-donation than in a previously reported Dy-Fe bonded species.

Electrocatalytic CO Reduction by Imidazolium-Functionalized Molecular Catalysts.

We present the first examples of CO electro-reduction catalysts that feature charged imidazolium groups in the secondary coordination sphere. The functionalized Lehn-type catalysts display significant differences in their redox properties and improved catalytic activities as compared to the conventional reference catalyst. Our results suggest that the incorporated imidazolium moieties do not solely function as a charged tag but also alter mechanistic aspects of catalysis.

A significant enhancement of water vapour uptake at low pressure by amine-functionalization of UiO-67.

The functionalization of UiO-67 with -NH2 groups enhances CO2 and CH4 adsorption at 1 bar and 298 K and positively influences the framework's interaction with water as evidenced by the significant enhancement of water vapour adsorption at 0.1 < P/P0 < 0.3 and 298 K.

Connection of zinc paddle-wheels in a -type metal-organic framework with 2-methylimidazolate and subsequent incorporation of charged organic guests.

A microporous metal-organic framework (mIm-MOF-14) has doubly interpenetrated anionic frameworks resulting from 2-methylimidazolate linking Zn(ii) paddle-wheels of charge-neutral -type networks, and allows the inclusion of tetramethylammonium ion to exert an enhanced CO2 affinity.