A review of studies on constructing classification models to identify mental illness using brain effective connectivity.

Brain effective connectivity (EC) is a functional measurement that reflects the causal effects and topological relationships of neural activities. Recent research has increasingly focused on the classification for mental illnesses and healthy controls using brain EC; however, no comprehensive reviews have synthesized these studies. Therefore, the aim of this review is to thoroughly examine the existing literature on constructing diagnosis model for mental illnesses using brain EC.

miR394 and LCR cooperate with TPL to regulate AM initiation.

Plant architecture is a main determinate of crop yield, and lateral branching significantly influences the number of inflorescences and seeds. The mechanism of axillary bud initiation remains unclear. This work aimed to examine how miRNAs regulate axillary bud initiation.

Clinical features, MRI, molecular alternations, and prognosis of astrocytoma based on WHO 2021 classification of central nervous system tumors: A single-center retrospective study.

Background: The diagnosis of glioma has advanced since the release of the WHO 2021 classification with more molecular alterations involved in the integrated diagnostic pathways. Our study aimed to present our experience with the clinical features and management of astrocytoma, IDH mutant based on the latest WHO classification.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with astrocytoma, IDH-mutant based on the WHO 5th edition classification of CNS tumors at our center from January 2009 to January 2022 were included.

Examining the causal effects of exposure to violence on crime among youth involved in the justice system: Experienced, witnessed, and experienced-witnessed violence.

Previous studies on exposure to violence lack a nuanced understanding of the causal effects of different exposure types on offending behaviors. This study, drawing on Pathways to Desistance Study (PDS) data tracking 1354 adjudicated youths aged 14-18 over 7 years, explores the contemporaneous (cross-sectional), acute (after 1 year), enduring (after 3 years), and long-term (after 6 years) causal effects of violence exposure on property and violent offending. The sample, predominantly male (86%), consisted of White (20%), Black (42%), and other (38%) individuals.

Precise management system for chronic intractable pain patients implanted with spinal cord stimulation based on a remote programming platform: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (PreMaSy study).

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a surgical technique used in patients with chronic intractable pain, and its effectiveness and safety have been validated by multiple studies. However, to maintain an optimal and steady long-term effect is still challenging. Here, we report a new management paradigm integrating smartphone application and remote programming.

Novel insight into histological and molecular astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, Grade 4 by the updated WHO classification of central nervous system tumors.

Background: The latest fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors (WHO CNS 5 classification) released in 2021 defined astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, Grade 4. However, the understanding of this subtype is still limited. We conducted this study to describe the features of astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, Grade 4 and explored the similarities and differences between histological and molecular subtypes.

Histological and molecular glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype: a real-world landscape using the 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors.

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal primary brain malignancy, is divided into histological (hist-GBM) and molecular (mol-GBM) subtypes according to the 2021 World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors. This study aimed to characterize the clinical, radiological, molecular, and survival features of GBM under the current classification scheme and explore survival determinants.

Methods: We re-examined the genetic alterations of IDH-wildtype diffuse gliomas at our institute from 2011 to 2022, and enrolled GBMs for analysis after re-classification.

A PREDICTION MODEL FOR SEPSIS IN INFECTED PATIENTS: EARLY ASSESSMENT OF SEPSIS ENGAGEMENT.

Purpose: To evaluate significant risk variables for sepsis incidence and develop a predictive model for rapid screening and diagnosis of sepsis in patients from the emergency department (ED). Methods: Sepsis-related risk variables were screened based on the PIRO (Predisposition, Insult, Response, Organ dysfunction) system. Training (n = 1,272) and external validation (n = 568) datasets were collected from Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital (BTCH), respectively.

Spotlights on adult patients with pediatric-type diffuse gliomas in accordance with the 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors.

Introduction: The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors released in 2021 formally defines pediatric-type diffuse gliomas. However, there is still little understanding of pediatric-type diffuse gliomas, and even less attention has been paid to adult patients. Therefore, this study describes the clinical radiological, survival, and molecular features of adult patients with pediatric-type glioma.

Mitotic CDK1 and 4E-BP1 I: Loss of 4E-BP1 serine 82 phosphorylation promotes proliferative polycystic disease and lymphoma in aged or sublethally irradiated mice.

4E-BP1 is a tumor suppressor regulating cap-dependent translation that is in turn controlled by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) or cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) phosphorylation. 4E-BP1 serine 82 (S82) is phosphorylated by CDK1, but not mTOR, and the consequences of this mitosis-specific phosphorylation are unknown. Knock-in mice were generated with a single 4E-BP1 S82 alanine (S82A) substitution leaving other phosphorylation sites intact.

Iron-Locked Hydr(oxy)oxide Catalysts via Ion-Compensatory Reconstruction Boost Large-Current-Density Water Oxidation.

Nickel-iron based hydr(oxy)oxides have been well recognized as one of the best oxygen-evolving catalysts in alkaline water electrolysis. A crucial problem, however, is that iron leakage during prolonged operation would lead to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) deactivation over time, especially under large current densities. Here, the NiFe-based Prussian blue analogue (PBA) is designed as a structure-flexible precursor for navigating an electrochemical self-reconstruction (ECSR) with Fe cation compensation to fabricate a highly active hydr(oxy)oxide (NiFeO H ) catalyst stabilized with NiFe synergic active sites.

Clinical updates on gliomas and implications of the 5th edition of the WHO classification of central nervous system tumors.

Background: The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors incorporated specific molecular alterations into the categorization of gliomas. The major revision of the classification scheme effectuates significant changes in the diagnosis and management of glioma. This study aimed to depict the clinical, molecular, and prognostic characteristics of glioma and its subtypes according to the current WHO classification.

Development and characterization of a new monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 (RdRp).

SARS-CoV-2 NSP12, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is required for viral replication and is a therapeutic target to treat COVID-19. To facilitate research on SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 protein, we developed a rat monoclonal antibody (CM12.1) against the NSP12 N-terminus that can facilitate functional studies.

Effective Learning During COVID-19: Multilevel Covariates Matching and Propensity Score Matching.

In large-scale observational data with a hierarchical structure, both clusters and interventions often have more than two levels. Popular methods in the binary treatment literature do not naturally extend to the hierarchical multilevel treatment case. For example, most K-12 and universities have moved to an unprecedented hybrid learning module during the COVID-19 pandemic where learning modes include hybrid and fully remote learning, while students were clustered within a class and school region.

Keeping kids in school through prearrest diversion: School disciplinary outcomes of the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program.

Objectives: Developed to keep youth in school and out of court, the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program allows youth to avoid arrest for specified school-based summary and misdemeanor offenses. This study examined whether diverted youth were also less likely to experience exclusionary discipline, both in response to the referring incident and in the following calendar year.

Hypotheses: We predicted that diverted youth-compared to youth arrested in schools the year before program implementation-would have been less likely to receive a suspension for their school-based incident, receive a suspension in the year following the incident, and be referred for permanent school removal in the year following the incident.

Cyberbullying and Delinquency in Adolescence: The Potential Mediating Effects of Social Attachment and Delinquent Peer Association.

Adopting the integrated model of General Strain Theory (GST), the current study tested the relations between cyberbullying roles (i.e., cyberbully, cybervictim, and cyberbully-victim) and delinquent behaviors (i.

Moderating effects of delinquent peer association, social control, and negative emotion on cyberbullying and delinquency: Gender differences.

Under the integrated model of General Strain Theory (GST), the present study sought to examine whether delinquent peer association, social control, and negative emotion moderated the relations of distinctive cyberbullying roles with delinquency, as well as whether the moderating effects varied by gender among a nationally representative sample of American adolescents. Based on the data from the 2009-2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study in the U.S.

Preventing school-based arrest and recidivism through prearrest diversion: Outcomes of the Philadelphia police school diversion program.

Objectives: Created to combat the school-to-prison pipeline, the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program offers voluntary community-based services to eligible youth accused of minor school-based offeses in lieu of arrest. This study evaluated program effectiveness in accomplishing goals related to reductions in school-based arrests, serious behavioral incidents, and recidivism.

Hypotheses: We expected the annual number of school-based arrests in Philadelphia schools to decrease over the program's first 5 years and predicted that the annual number of serious behavioral incidents would not increase.

Corporal punishment and adolescent aggression: An examination of multiple intervening mechanisms and the moderating effects of parental responsiveness and demandingness.

Background: Research on generational transmission of violence in general suggests that corporal punishment leads to children's aggressive behavior. However, less clear is the intervening mechanisms that link corporal punishment with adolescent aggression and the moderation on the intervening mechanisms.

Objectives: This study examined the mediating role of negative emotions, endorsement of violence, and low self-control in the association between parental corporal punishment and adolescent aggression and investigated whether the intervening mechanisms operated differently according to different levels of parental responsiveness and demandingness.

A model of religious involvement, family processes, self-control, and juvenile delinquency in two-parent families.

Family processes, adolescent religious involvement, and self-control may serve as important mechanisms that mediate the relationship between parental religious involvement and delinquency. However, at present no study has systematically investigated the relationships among these factors and how these mediating mechanisms work. To address this gap, path analyses are conducted to test the hypothesized pathways whereby parental religious involvement operates to discourage delinquent behaviors of offspring.