Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β and cerebral microbleed are associated with distinct neuropsychiatric sub-syndromes in cognitively impaired patients.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are prevalent in cognitively impaired individuals including Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Whereas several studies have reported the associations between NPS with AD pathologic biomarkers and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), but it remains unknown whether AD pathology and SVD contribute to different sub-syndromes independently or aggravate same symptoms synergistically.

Method: We included 445 cognitively impaired individuals (including 316 MCI and 129 AD) with neuropsychiatric, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (Aβ42, p-tau, and t-tau) and multi-model MRI data.

Association Between Small Vessel Disease and Financial Capacity: A Study Based on Cognitively Normal Older Adults.

Background: Financial capacity is vital for the elderly, who possess a substantial share of global wealth but are vulnerable to financial fraud.

Objective: We explored the link between small vessel disease (SVD) and financial capacity in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults via both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

Methods: 414 CU participants underwent MRI and completed the Financial Capacity Instrument-Short Form (FCI-SF).

Alteration of functional connectivity network in population of objectively-defined subtle cognitive decline.

The objectively-defined subtle cognitive decline individuals had higher progression rates of cognitive decline and pathological deposition than healthy elderly, indicating a higher risk of progressing to Alzheimer's disease. However, little is known about the brain functional alterations during this stage. Thus, we aimed to investigate the functional network patterns in objectively-defined subtle cognitive decline cohort.

Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 Regulates the Phagocytosis of Microglia and Alleviate Alzheimer's Pathology.

Microglia play a critical role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. They are involved in Aβ-induced neuroinflammatory responses, regulating the production of inflammatory mediators. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) plays a central role in inflammatory diseases in the periphery, the role of which in central nervous system remains elusive.

Gray matter structural covariance networks patterns associated with autopsy-confirmed LATE-NC compared to Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Background: Cases with the limbic-predominant age-related TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mixed AD+TDP-43 pathology (AD+LATE-NC) share similar symptoms, which makes it a challenge for accurate diagnosis. Exploring the patterns of gray matter structural covariance networks (SCNs) in these three types may help to clarify the underlying mechanism and provide a basis for clinical interventions.

Methods: We included ante-mortem MRI data of 10 LATE-NC, 39  AD, and 25  AD+LATE-NC from the ADNI autopsy sample.

Decoupling of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Function Along the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied with impaired neurovascular coupling. However, its early alteration remains elusive along the AD continuum.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the early disruption of neurovascular coupling in cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) elderly and its association with cognition and AD pathologies.

Distinct cerebral small vessel disease impairment in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: This study investigated cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) damage patterns in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD and LOAD) and their effects on cognitive function.

Methods: This study included 93 participants, 45 AD patients (14 EOAD and 31 LOAD), and 48 normal controls (13 YNC and 35 ONC) from the ADNI database. All participants had diffusion tensor imaging data; some had amyloid PET and plasma p-tau data.

Nutritional and Chemical Composition of and the Physical and Chemical Characterization, Binding Bile Acid, and Cholesterol-Lowering Activity in HepG2 Cells of Its Fucoidans.

Fucoidan is a marine sulfated polysaccharide that is rich in and has a wide range of biological activities. In this study, the chemical composition and bile acid binding ability of six crude fucoidans were compared, the nutrition and chemical composition of were analyzed, and fucoidan from was extracted and purified. The purified fractions (ZF1, ZF2, and ZF3) were analyzed by physicochemical characterization, and the ability of binding bile acid and cholesterol lowering in HepG2 cells were evaluated.

Social and environmental risk factors for road traffic injuries among children under five in rural China.

Background: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) have become a considerable issue for children. In China, RTIs are among the top 3 contributors to injury-related mortality and disability-adjusted life years. The present study aimed to evaluate social and environmental factors that may contribute to RTIs among children under 5 in rural areas of China.