sp. nov., a new species associating with sugar beet root rot in Heilongjiang Province, China.

Introduction: Sugar beet ( L.) is an economically important crop grown worldwide, but its production is threatened by root rot diseases caused by soil-borne fungi. This study aimed to identify and characterize a new pathogen causing root rot in sugar beet in Heilongjiang Province, China.

Over-expression of XA21 binding protein 3 enhances rice survival under water-deficit stress.

E3 ubiquitin ligases have been positively or negatively implicated in the response to water-deficit stress. Here we demonstrate that rice XA21 binding protein 3 (XB3), the founder member of an E3 ubiquitin ligase gene family, is induced by drought stress and, when over-expressed, enhances survival of rice plants under water deficit. Down-regulation of XB3 increases rice sensitivity to drought.

Is There a Positive or Negative Correlation Between Cervical Vertebral Bone Quality and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Pfirrmann Grading.

Objective: Cervical degeneration involves many pathophysiological changes. Vertebral bone loss, sclerotic hyperplasia of the vertebral body and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) are most common degenerative factors. However, whether there is a correlation between changes in vertebral bone mass and IDD remains unclear.

The dual role of methylglyoxal in plant stress response and regulation of DJ-1 protein.

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive metabolic intermediate that plays important roles in plant salt stress response. This review explores the sources of MG in plants, how salt stress promotes MG production, and the dual role of MG under salt stress conditions. Both the positive role of low concentrations of MG as a signalling molecule and the toxic effects of high concentrations of MG in plant response to salt stress are discussed.

The SINA1-BSD1 Module Regulates Vegetative Growth Involving Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Tomato.

In plants, vegetative growth is controlled by synergistic and/or antagonistic effects of many regulatory factors. Here, the authors demonstrate that the ubiquitin ligase seven in absentia1 (SINA1) mammalian BTF2-like transcription factors, Drosophila synapse-associated proteins, and yeast DOS2-like proteins (BSD1) function as a regulatory module to control vegetative growth in tomato via regulation of the production of plant growth hormone gibberellin (GA). SINA1 negatively regulates the protein level of BSD1 through ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation, and the transgenic tomato over-expressing SINA1 (SINA1-OX) resembles the dwarfism phenotype of the BSD1-knockout (BSD1-KO) tomato plant.

Genome-Wide Identification of GRAS Transcription Factors and Their Functional Analysis in Salt Stress Response in Sugar Beet.

GAI-RGA-and-SCR (GRAS) transcription factors can regulate many biological processes such as plant growth and development and stress defense, but there are few related studies in sugar beet. Salt stress can seriously affect the yield and quality of sugar beet (). Therefore, this study used bioinformatics methods to identify GRAS transcription factors in sugar beet and analyzed their structural characteristics, evolutionary relationships, regulatory networks and salt stress response patterns.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Measurement in Arabidopsis Guard Cells in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.

One of the major plant stress level indicators is reactive oxygen species (ROS). They have been known to play a central role in regulating plant responses to various environmental stresses. This book chapter specifically covers abiotic stress induced by a drought hormone abscisic acid and biotic stress induced by Pseudomonas syringe DC3000 on single cell-type guard cells.

Bifunctional glycosphingolipid (GSL) probes to investigate GSL-interacting proteins in cell membranes.

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are abundant glycolipids on cells and essential for cell recognition, adhesion, signal transduction, and so on. However, their lipid anchors are not long enough to cross the membrane bilayer. To transduce transmembrane signals, GSLs must interact with other membrane components, whereas such interactions are difficult to investigate.

An injectable dental pulp-derived decellularized matrix hydrogel promotes dentin repair through modulation of macrophage response.

Maintaining the viability of damaged pulp is critical in clinical dentistry. Pulp capping, by placing dental material over the exposed pulp, is a main approach to promote pulp-dentin healing and mineralized tissue formation. The dental materials are desired to impact on intricate physiological mechanisms in the healing process, including early regulation of inflammation, immunity, and cellular events.

Transcription Factor HB7 Improves Ice Plant Drought Tolerance through ABA Signaling Pathway.

As global climate change continues, drought episodes have become increasingly frequent. Studying plant stress tolerance is urgently needed to ensure food security. The common ice plant is one of the model halophyte plants for plant stress biology research.

Comparative Analysis of Three Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction Models in Individuals Aged 75 and Older.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of the Framingham cardiovascular risk score (FRS)/pooled cohort equations (PCE)/China prediction for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk (China-PAR model) in a prospective cohort of Chinese older adults.

Patients And Methods: We assessed 717 older adults aged 75-85 years without ASCVD at the baseline from the Sichuan province of China. The participants were followed annually from 2011 to 2021.

Multiomics unravels potential molecular switches in the C to CAM transition of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum.

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (common ice plant), a facultative CAM plant, shifts from C to CAM photosynthesis under salt stress, enhancing water use efficiency. Here we used transcriptomics, proteomics, and targeted metabolomics to profile molecular changes during the diel cycle of C to CAM transition. The results confirmed expected changes associated with CAM photosynthesis, starch biosynthesis and degradation, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.

Enhancing ferroelectric performance in hafnia-based MFIS capacitor through interface passivation and bulk doping.

In recent times, there has been a notable surge of interests in hafnia (HfO)-based ferroelectrics, primarily due to their remarkable ferroelectric properties employed in ultra-thin configurations, alongside their compatibility with the conventional CMOS manufacturing process. In order to harness the full potential of HfO-based films for high-performance non-volatile memory applications, it is imperative to enhance their ferroelectric characteristics and durability. This study introduces a straightforward approach aimed at augmenting the ferroelectric performance of HfZrO(HZO) films deposited on silicon (Si) substrates through the engineering of oxygen vacancies ().

Dual phosphorylation of DGK5-mediated PA burst regulates ROS in plant immunity.

Phosphatidic acid (PA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial cellular messengers mediating diverse signaling processes in metazoans and plants. How PA homeostasis is tightly regulated and intertwined with ROS signaling upon immune elicitation remains elusive. We report here that Arabidopsis diacylglycerol kinase 5 (DGK5) regulates plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI).

Investigation of regulatory divergence between homoeologs in the recently formed allopolyploids, Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus (Asteraceae).

Polyploidy is an important evolutionary process throughout eukaryotes, particularly in flowering plants. Duplicated gene pairs (homoeologs) in allopolyploids provide additional genetic resources for changes in molecular, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms that result in evolutionary novelty. Therefore, understanding how divergent genomes and their regulatory networks reconcile is vital for unraveling the role of polyploidy in plant evolution.

Bringing CAM photosynthesis to the table: Paving the way for resilient and productive agricultural systems in a changing climate.

Modern agricultural systems are directly threatened by global climate change and the resulting freshwater crisis. A considerable challenge in the coming years will be to develop crops that can cope with the consequences of declining freshwater resources and changing temperatures. One approach to meeting this challenge may lie in our understanding of plant photosynthetic adaptations and water use efficiency.

Chiral Metasurface Multifocal Lens in the Terahertz Band Based on Deep Learning.

Chiral metasurfaces have garnered significant interest as an emerging field of metamaterials, primarily due to their exceptional capability to manipulate phase distributions at interfaces. However, the on-demand design of chiral metasurface structures remains a challenging task. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a deep learning-based network model for rapid calculation of chiral metasurface structure parameters.

N-hydroxypipecolic acid triggers systemic acquired resistance through extracellular NAD(P).

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long-lasting broad-spectrum plant defense mechanism induced in distal systemic tissues by mobile signals generated at the primary infection site. Despite the discoveries of multiple potential mobile signals, how these signals cooperate to trigger downstream SAR signaling is unknown. Here, we show that endogenous extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [eNAD(P)] accumulates systemically upon pathogen infection and that both eNAD(P) and the lectin receptor kinase (LecRK), LecRK-VI.

Defining the commonalities between post-transcriptional and post-translational modification communities.

Post-transcriptional modifications of RNA (PRMs) and post-translational modifications of proteins (PTMs) are important regulatory mechanisms in biological processes and have many commonalities. However, the integration of these research areas is lacking. A recent discussion identified the priorities, areas of emphasis, and necessary technologies to advance and integrate these areas of study.

Defining Mechanisms of C to CAM Photosynthesis Transition toward Enhancing Crop Stress Resilience.

Global climate change and population growth are persistently posing threats to natural resources (e.g., freshwater) and agricultural production.

RecJ3/4-aRNase J form a Ubl-associated nuclease complex functioning in survival against DNA damage in .

Nucleases are strictly regulated and often localized in the cell to avoid the uncontrolled degradation of DNA and RNA. Here, a new type of nuclease complex, composed of RecJ3, RecJ4, and aRNase J, was identified through its ATP-dependent association with the ubiquitin-like SAMP1 and AAA-ATPase Cdc48a. The complex was discovered in , an archaeon lacking an RNA exosome.

Dynamic Proximity Tagging in Living Plant Cells with Pupylation-Based Interaction Tagging.

Identification of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and protein kinase substrates is fundamental for understanding how proteins exert biological functions with their partners and targets. However, it is still technically challenging, especially for transient and weak interactions involved in most cellular processes. The proximity-tagging systems enable capturing snapshots of both stable and transient PPIs.

Chiral Metasurface for Near-Field Imaging and Far-Field Holography Based on Deep Learning.

Chiral metasurfaces have great influence on the development of holography. Nonetheless, it is still challenging to design chiral metasurface structures on demand. As a machine learning method, deep learning has been applied to design metasurface in recent years.

Insights into the Lysine Acetylome of the Haloarchaeon during Oxidative Stress by Quantitative SILAC-Based Proteomics.

Oxidative stress adaptation strategies are important to cell function and are linked to cardiac, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Representatives of the domain are used as model organisms based on their extreme tolerance to oxidants and close evolutionary relationship with eukaryotes. A study of the halophilic archaeon reveals lysine acetylation to be associated with oxidative stress responses.