[Similarity of immunological mechanisms responsible for immunotolerance in healthy subjects and mechanisms induced by specific immunotherapy].

The immonomodulatory mechanisms responsible for allergens tolerance in healthy subjects were described on the basis of the newest medical literature, including own papers and experience. It was detected that the same immunological mechanisms are built by specific immunotherapy. IL-10 and TGF-beta cooperate in the regulatory T-cell response to aeroallergens, food allergens and allergens of bee and yellow jacket venoms in healthy subjects as well as during specific immunotherapy making the tolerance to these allergens.

[CD69 and PCNA expression of T-lymphocytes from children with cow's milk allergy (CMA)].

Background: As the frequency of allergic disease and especially the food allergy in children is still increasing - we undertook studies to determine the specific sensitivity of lymphocytes T in order to improve the diagnostics and monitoring of treatment. The usefulness of evaluation CD69 and PCNA expression of T cells from children with cow's milk allergy (CMA) in these procedures was examined.

Aim: The study on usefulness of lymphocytes CD69 and PCNA detection for diagnosis of CMA in children and for monitoring of the treatment.

[Detection of the T-lymphocyte-specific sensitivity in the diagnosis of food allergies].

Background: The possibility of detection of lymphocytes T specific sensitivity after contact with the allergen (mainly food allergen) even in early age of children has been reported in this paper.

Methods/data Base: This is the literature review of basic applied methods such as: lymphocyte blastic transformation in allergen stimulated culture, macrophage migration inhibition test and flow cytometric analysis of in vivo and in vitro lymphocyte specific activation by using activation markers (CD69, PCNA - proliferating cell nuclear antigen and others).

Results/conclusions: The significance of such investigation is underlined especially for young children during early diagnosis of food allergy and monitoring of the treatment.

[Immunological confirmation of allergy in children with hypoimmunoglobulinemia].

Unlabelled: The recognition of allergy in children with hypoimmunoglobulinemia is very difficult because they have very low level or even lack of specific IgE antibodies. Our research hypothesis was the possibility of detecting the specific sensitization of lymphocytes T to food allergens in children with hypoimmunoglobulinemia and with clinical symptoms of allergy.

Material: 32 children actually treated in our Immunology Outpatients Department due to immunodeficiency connected with hypoimmunoglobulinemia and with clinical suspicion of allergy.

[Use of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations (IVIG) in treatment of primary cell immunodeficiencies].

The rules and own authors experience according preventive and curative using of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in children with primary cellular immunodeficiency is presented.

[Dietetic treatment in infants with food allergy].

Prevalence of food allergy and variability of symptoms in infants is described. Proposals concerning dietetic treatment underlining the importance of breastfeeding, indications for proteins hydrolysate and for meat-vegetable diet introduction are presented. Feeding schedule for infants with food allergy is also included.

[Relation between specific IgE antibodies to grass pollens and to wheat, rye, soya in children with allergic disease].

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the hypersensitivity to grass pollens (gxl) and to wheat (f4), rye ff5) and soya (fl 4) in children with allergic disease. Specific IgE was determined by the FEIA CAP- System. Hypersensitivity was expressed in classes from 1 to 6.

[Changes in spontaneous blast transformation of children's lymphocytes which have been observed in vitro in the last years].

In the Immunology Department of the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw we have used lymphocyte blastic transformation test (LETT) over 30 years to study lymphocyte function. During the last 10 years we have noticed progressive elevation of lymphocyte percentage undergoing spontaneous blast transformation (autotransformation) in culture of these cells. The percentage rose from mean value of 2.

[Nitric oxide (NO)--Nobel prize in medicine and physiology for 1998].

On October 12, 1998. The Nobel Assembly announced the award of the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology to pharmacologists Robert Furchgott, Louis Ignarro, and Ferid Murad. The Nobel Committee decided to award the prize for their discoveries concerning--nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system.

Pulmonary delivery of intratracheally instilled and aerosolized cyclosporine A to young and adult rats.

The delivery and pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A (CyA) given locally to the airways or iv was evaluated in young and adult rats. After intratracheal (i.t.

[Bacterial and clinical evaluation of axetil cefuroxime in suspension].

For determination of cefuroxime activity, MIC was determined for 320 strains and by a diffusion-disc method susceptibility to this antibiotic of 3321 microorganisms isolated from children treated in Institute of Mother and Child was tested. Therapeutic value of axetil cefuroxime in suspension (Zinnat-Glaxo) was determined basing on specific and bacteriologically monitored treatment of 30 children (22 with respiratory tract infections and 8 with urinary tract infections). Etiological agents of these infections were: M.

[Susceptibility of bacteria to selected cephalosporins of the II and III generation].

Susceptibility of 1893 strains of bacteria responsible for infections in children treated in the Institute of Mother and Child in 1991 was investigated. Sensitivity to cefuroxime, cefamandole, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime were tested by application of discs produced by Bio-Mérieux. MIC for cefuroxime against selected clinical strains was determined by a solid medium dilution method.

[Evaluation of immune response after thymectomy].

Immunological status of children after thymectomy performed at the age between 2 months and 15 years for teratoma in 5, and hyperplasia in 1. Cellular immunity parameters--as percent and total T lymphocyte count and their PHA reactivity, humoral immunity--as IgG, IgA, IgM concentrations, and phagocytosis--as phagocytosis index, NBT test, complement components--C3c, C4--concentration were evaluated between 6 and 12 years following surgery. No abnormalities within investigated parameters, nor the history of more frequent infections or other immunological disorder were detected.

[Normal values of serum IgD in children depending on their age].

In the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw there were determined normal values of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE for different ages of children and youth. The determination of normal IgD levels is the last stage in this kind of studies concerning immunoglobulins. IgD levels were estimated in 372 cases in 19 age groups: in the cord sera, infant sera and older healthy children as well as in healthy adults sera.

[T and B lymphocytes in the ontogenetic development of man].

The study of the ontogenesis of immunity in man is still in progress and development. In this paper the two major subpopulations of human lymphocytes--T (thymus dependent) and B (bursal equivalent or thymus independent) were examined during the ontogenetic development of man. These subpopulations can be examined in vitro by the methods distinguishing superficial receptors on these cells--namely by the rosseting methods.