Function and clinical application of exosome-how to improve tumor immunotherapy?

In recent years, immunotherapy has been increasingly used in clinical practice to treat tumors. However, immunotherapy's efficacy varies between tumor types and patient populations, and long-term drug resistance often occurs during treatment. Therefore, it is essential to explore the molecular mechanisms of immunotherapy to improve its efficacy.

An in vivo evaluation of clear aligners for optimal orthodontic force and movement to determine high-efficacy and periodontal-friendly aligner staging.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of aligner displacement on tooth movement and periodontal health to improve the efficiency of aligner treatment and explore the mechanism in vivo.

Methods: A two-tooth site was established by a finite element (FE) model to virtually evaluate aligner staging. A randomized controlled experiment was conducted when the tooth sites in beagles were treated with fixed or aligner appliances with different movement and force, and tooth movement and internal structure were recorded during the alignment.

Non-invasive model for predicting esophageal varices based on liver and spleen volume.

Background: Upper endoscopy is the gold standard for predicting esophageal varices in China. Guidelines and consensus suggest that patients with liver cirrhosis should undergo periodic upper endoscopy, most patients undergo their first upper endoscopy when esophageal variceal bleeds. Therefore, it is important to develop a non-invasive model to early diagnose esophageal varices.

Improvement effects of esculetin on the formation and development of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is one of the potential causes of death in patients with cardiovascular disease. With the discovery of new anti atherosclerotic drugs becoming the pursuit of the pharmaceutical industry, natural products have attracted more and more attention because of their unique efficacy in the treatment of atherosclerosis. More and more studies have shown that esculetin, a coumarin mainly found in cortex fraxini, can improve atherosclerosis by participating in cellular antioxidant responses and reducing inflammation related pathogenesis.

Hairpin loop-enhanced fluorescent copper nanoclusters and application in S1 nuclease detection.

Novel highly fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) were prepared by using 24 adenine-thymine pair dsDNA (AT24) with six-base (X6) loops (AT24-X6-hairpin DNA) as an effective template. The AT24 double strand stem serves as a template for CuNC formation, and the six-base sequence loop acts as specific regions to enhance the fluorescence intensity of CuNCs. Relative to the AT24-CuNCs, AT24-X6-hairpin CuNCs have greater fluorescence (5 times enhancement).