FAM83B promotes cell proliferation via regulating the expression of CDK4/CDK6/CCND1 complex in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

FAM83B, as one of the FAM83 family members, has been closely involved in cell transformation, and a growing number of scholars have been studied its role in tumours over the years. Whereas the effect and potential mechanism of FAM83B in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) have not been investigated. In this research, we discovered that the expression quantity of FAM83B was remarkably higher in LSCC tissues (79.

Zymograph profiling reveals a divergent evolution of sirtuin that may originate from class III enzymes.

Sirtuins are a group of NAD-dependent deacylases that conserved in three domains of life and comprehensively involved in the regulation of gene transcription, chromosome segregation, RNA splicing, apoptosis, and aging. Previous studies in mammalian cells have revealed that sirtuins not only exist as multiple copies, but also show distinct deacylase activities in addition to deacetylation. However, the understanding of sirtuin zymographs in other organisms with respect to molecular evolution remains at an early stage.

Effect of the β-glucan from Lentinus edodes on colitis-associated colorectal cancer and gut microbiota.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world, and therapies with safety are in great need. In this study, the β-glucan isolated from Lentinus edodes was successfully fractionated into three fractions with different weight-average molecular weight (M) by ultrasonic degradation and used for the treatment of colorectal cancer. In our findings, the β-glucan was successfully degraded with the M decreased from 2.

RT-RPA-Cas12a-based assay facilitates the discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

Timely and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) is urgently needed for pandemic surveillance and control. Great efforts have been made from a mass of scientists in increasing the detection sensitivity and operability, and reducing the turn-around time and cost. Here, we report a nucleic acid testing-based method aiming to detect and discriminate SARS-CoV-2 mutations by combining RT-RPA and CRISPR-Cas12a detecting assays (RRCd).

Global Insights Into Lysine Acylomes Reveal Crosstalk Between Lysine Acetylation and Succinylation in Streptomyces coelicolor Metabolic Pathways.

Lysine acylations are reversible and ubiquitous post-translational modifications that play critical roles in regulating multiple cellular processes. In the current study, highly abundant and dynamic acetylation, besides succinylation, was uncovered in a soil bacterium, Streptomyces coelicolor. By affinity enrichment using anti-acetyl-lysine antibody and the following LC-MS/MS analysis, a total of 1298 acetylation sites among 601 proteins were identified.

Fabrication of tumor-targeting composites based on the triple helical β-glucan through conjugation of aptamer.

Herein the nucleic acid aptamers were attached to the polydeoxyadenylic acid (poly(dA)) tail for improving the tumor-targetability and cellular internalization of s-LNT/poly(dA) composite composed of two single chains of triple helical β-glucan lentinan (s-LNT) and one poly(dA) chain. The in vitro results demonstrate that the cellular uptake of s-LNT/poly(dA) composites in MCF-7 cancer cells was enhanced effectively after attaching the aptamer. The as-prepared fluorescin isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled LNT (LNT-FITC) through grafting was used for tracing the enhanced tumor-targetability of the composites.

Inhibition of tumor growth by β-glucans through promoting CD4 T cell immunomodulation and neutrophil-killing in mice.

β-glucans are polysaccharides comprising β-D-glucoses with various bioactivities. Herein, we extracted three β-glucans from Lentinus edodes with different sources and assessed their antitumor activities on a mice model with intragastric, intraperitoneal and intratumoral injection. Three polysaccharides were shown to have the same chemical structure of β-(1,3)-glucan with β-(1,6) branches, and exhibited S-180 tumor-suppressing ability with good safety.

Nanoplatform Constructed from a β-Glucan and Polydeoxyadenylic Acid for Cancer Chemotherapy and Imaging.

A nanoplatform carrying doxorubicin (Dox) for cancer therapy and a dye for imaging was developed based on a natural triple helix β-glucan (t-LNT) and polydeoxyadenylic acid (poly(dA)). The t-LNT-Dox conjugates were prepared through Schiff-base reaction between the aldehyde group in the oxidized t-LNT and the amino group of Dox, the single chains (s-LNT-Dox) of which interacted with the poly(dA)-dye to form a composite s-LNT-Dox/poly(dA)-dye through hydrogen bonding between s-LNT and poly(dA). t-LNT-Dox was confirmed to acid-responsively release Dox in vitro, showing enhanced cytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cells with time.

Orally Delivered Antisense Oligodeoxyribonucleotides of TNF-α via Polysaccharide-Based Nanocomposites Targeting Intestinal Inflammation.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is usually regarded as a potential target for inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Herein, a promising strategy for effective delivery of phosphorothioated antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide of TNF-α (PS-ATNF-α), targeting the intestinal inflammation based on the interaction of the single chain of triple helical β-glucan (s-LNT) with poly-deoxyadenylic acid [poly(dA)], and the colon-specific degradation of chitosan-alginate (CA) hydrogel, is reported. The target gene of PS-ATNF-α, with a poly(dA) tail through a disulfide bond (-SS-), interacts with s-LNT to form a rod-like nanocomposite of s-LNT/poly(dA)-SS-PS-ATNF-α, which significantly inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α at the protein level by 38.

Yeast β-Glucan Suppresses the Chronic Inflammation and Improves the Microenvironment in Adipose Tissues of ob/ob Mice.

Inflammation in visceral adipose tissues (VATs) contributes to the pathology of diabetes. This study focused on the inflammatory regulation in VATs by a yeast β-1,3-glucan (BYG) orally administered to ob/ob mice. BYG decreased pro-inflammatory modulators of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL2, and SAA3, and increased anti-inflammatory factors of Azgp1 (2.

The β-glucan from suppresses cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in estrogen receptor positive breast cancers.

Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in worldwide women, and novel interventions are needed to overcome the resistance occurring in the estrogen-targeted endocrine therapy. Herein, we demonstrate that the β-glucan from (LNT) exhibited a profound inhibition ratio of ∼53% against estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 tumor growth in nude mice similar to the positive control of cisplatin. Immunohistochemistry images showed that LNT evidently suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in MCF-7 tumor tissues.

Orally Administered Baker's Yeast β-Glucan Promotes Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis in the Livers of Obesity and Diabetes Model Mice.

Baker's yeast glucan (BYG) has been reported to be an anti-diabetic agent. In the work described herein, further study on the effect of orally administered BYG on glucose and lipid homeostasis in the livers of ob/ob mice was performed. It was found that BYG decreased the blood glucose and the hepatic glucose and lipid disorders.

Dendritic nanotubes self-assembled from stiff polysaccharides as drug and probe carriers.

Dendritic nanotubes (DNTs) with hydrophobic cavities were constructed directly from rigid branched β-1,3-d-glucan (AF1) in aqueous solution, and the AF1 sample was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Auricularia auricula-judae, a household nutritional food. The structure of AF1 dendritic nanotubes was demonstrated with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a schematic diagram was proposed to describe the formation process, which was supported by the results of static/dynamic light scattering (SLS/DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In solution, a sequential self-assembly of the AF1 chains in a parallel manner occurred to form lamellas followed by self-curling into nanotubes with the mean diameters from 20 to 80 nm, depending on the concentration and molecular weight of AF1, through hydrogen bonding and hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction.

Hypoglycemic activity of the Baker's yeast β-glucan in obese/type 2 diabetic mice and the underlying mechanism.

Scope: β-Glucans have been shown to reduce the risk of obesity and diabetes. However, they often contain diverse polysaccharides and other ingredients, leading to elusive experimental data and mechanisms. In this study, a pure β-glucan was obtained from the crude Baker's yeast polysaccharides for investigating its effect on the metabolic disorders in high-fat diet induced obese (DIO)/type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice and the underlying mechanism.

Anti-tumor effect of β-glucan from Lentinus edodes and the underlying mechanism.

β-Glucans are well known for its various bioactivities, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. This study focuses on the anti-tumor effect and the potential mechanism of a branched β-(1, 3)-glucan (LNT) extracted from Lentinus edodes. The in vivo data indicated that LNT showed a profound inhibition ratio of ~75% against S-180 tumor growth, even significantly higher than the positive control of Cytoxan (~54%).

The linear structure of β-glucan from baker's yeast and its activation of macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells.

Yeast β-glucan has many formulations with different chemical structures, water solubility and purity. In particular, the purity of β-glucan in these formulations is variable and relatively low, contributing to different data on its biological activity. In this study, the major polysaccharide component in the crude Baker's yeast polysaccharides coded as BBG with high purity of 99% was obtained, and its chemical structure was determined to be a linear β-(1,3)-glucan.

Construction of selenium nanoparticles/β-glucan composites for enhancement of the antitumor activity.

We report on a green procedure for the stabilization of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) by a naturally occurring β-glucan with triple helical conformation known as Lentinan (t-LNT) in water after denaturing into single chains (s-LNT) at 140 °C. The results demonstrated that the s-LNT can interact with SeNPs through Se-O-H interaction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra, UV/vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that s-LNT coated SeNPs to form a stable nano-composite Se/s-LNT, leading to good dispersion of SeNPs.