Tyrosinase Inhibitory Properties of Compounds Isolated from Roots.

A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of root extract led to the isolation of two new geranylated xanthones ( and ), one new geranylated flavone (), one new flavanone (), and one unique benzopyran (), along with 16 known compounds. Structures of the new compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic and computational methods. Two different types of compounds, flavone and arylbenzofuran , displayed the most potent antityrosinase activity with IC values of 1.

Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Oxygenated Isocoumarins and Xanthone from Thai Mangrove-Associated Endophytic Fungus .

Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of numerous chronic diseases. To search for anti-inflammatory metabolites from endophytic fungi isolated from plants growing in Thai mangrove areas, a chemical investigation of those fungi was performed. Five new oxygenated isocoumarins, setosphamarins A-E (-) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of an endophytic fungus , along with four known isocoumarins and one xanthone.

Synergistic impact of arbutin and kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside from Nephelium lappaceum L. on whitening efficacy and stability of cosmetic formulations.

Four flavonoid glycosides, namely quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (2), kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), from Nephelium lappaceum L. seeds were evaluated for their efficacy against melanin inhibition in B16F10 melanoma cells and tyrosinase inhibition. Among them, kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3) displayed the highest potency in both activities without any significant cytotoxicity.

Tocotrienol monomers and dimers from the roots of Litchi chinensis with tyrosinase inhibition activity.

Four undescribed modified tocotrienols, including two monomers, litchinols A (1) and B (2), and two walsurol dimers, δ,δ-walsurol (3) and γ,δ-bi-O-walsurol (4), as well as seven known compounds (5-11) were isolated from the roots of Litchi chinensis. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated based on analyses of spectroscopic data and ECD spectra. All tocotrienol derivatives (1-6) were evaluated for their tyrosinase inhibition activity.

Acrotrione B, a Prenylated and Highly Oxidized Xanthenoid with Antibacterial and Anti-proliferative Activities from the Roots of Acronychia pedunculata.

A new prenylated xanthenoid with a highly oxidized core, acrotrione B (1: ), together with six previously reported acetophenones (2:  - 7: ), were isolated from the roots of . The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by thorough analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The relative and absolute configurations of acrotrione B were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations.

Fatty acid acylated flavonol glycosides from the seeds of Nephelium lappaceum and their nitric oxide suppression activity.

Five undescribed fatty acid esters of flavonol glycosides, nephelosides A-E, along with eight known compounds, were isolated from the seeds of Nephelium lappaceum L. The structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data in combination with GC-MS analysis. Potency of compounds toward nitric oxide suppression was assessed by monitoring the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in J744.

Bioactive xanthones, benzophenones and biphenyls from mangosteen root with potential anti-migration against hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Liver cancer refers primarily to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for over 90% of cases and is the highest incidence in men in Thailand. Over the past decades, the incidence of HCC dramatically increased with a strong rise of mortality rates. Garcinia mangostana, "Queen of Fruit" of Thailand, is known as a rich source of xanthones with potent cytotoxic properties against various cancer cells.

Cassane-type diterpenes from roots of Pterolobium macropterum and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Eight undescribed cassane diterpenes, pterolobirins C-J, together with two known analogs, were isolated from the roots of Pterolobium macropterum. Their structures were characterized by extensive spectroscopic techniques including NMR, MS, ECD and X-ray crystallographic spectroscopy. The absolute configuration of pterolobirin J was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data.

Picrotoxane sesquiterpene and α-pyrone derivative from Dendrobium signatum and their free radical scavenging potency.

One new picrotoxane sesquiterpene (1) and one new α-pyrone derivative (4), together with nine known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of Dendrobium signatum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on the interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data.

Diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Euphorbia antiquorum and their efficacy on nitric oxide inhibition.

Eight previously undescribed diterpenoids of different types were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia antiquorum L., along with fifteen known diterpenoids. Their structures and configurations were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, MS, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD).

Two new rearranged clerodane diterpenes from Thai Tinospora baenzigeri.

A new rearranged clerodane-type diterpene (1), tinobaenzigeride, and a new rearranged clerodane glucoside (2) were isolated from the stems of Tinospora baenzigeri, along with four known compounds (3‒6). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. In addition, the structure and configuration of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Rearranged Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Stems of Tinospora baenzigeri.

Four new rearranged clerodane-type diterpenoids (1-4), a new glucoside (5), and six known compounds (6-11) were obtained from the EtOAc crude extract of Tinospora baenzigeri stem. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by interpreting their spectroscopic data, particularly 1D and 2D NMR. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was subsequently performed to confirm the structures and relative configurations of compounds 1-4.

Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by Sesquiterpene Lactones from Saussurea lappa and Semi-Synthetic Analogues.

We investigated the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) inhibitory activity of sesquiterpenes from root extracts. According to the hexane and EtOAc extracts showing significant activity with IC values of 0.5 and 1.

Chamigrane Sesquiterpenes from a Basidiomycetous Endophytic Fungus XG8D Associated with Thai Mangrove Xylocarpus granatum.

Six new chamigrane sesquiterpenes, merulinols A‒F (1‒6), and four known metabolites (7‒10) were isolated from the culture of the basidiomycetous fungus XG8D, a mangrove-derived endophyte. Their structures were elucidated mainly by 1D and 2D NMR, while the structures of 1 and 2 were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The in vitro cytotoxicity of all compounds was evaluated against three human cancer cell lines, MCF-7, Hep-G2, and KATO-3.

Highly oxygenated chromones from mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Rhytidhysteron rufulum.

Five highly oxygenated chromones, rhytidchromones A-E, were isolated from the culture broth of a mangrove-derived endophytic fungus, Rhytidhysteron rufulum, isolated from Thai Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Their structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The structure of rhytidchromone A was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Inhibitory effects of flavonoids from stem bark of Derris indica on the formation of advanced glycation end products.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Derris indica (Lamk.) Bennet has been used in traditional medicine in many countries for the treatment of bronchitis, whooping cough, rheumatic joints and dipsia in diabetes. In addition, several studies have revealed that this plant displayed various pharmacological activities including anti-diabetic.

Rearranged limonoids and chromones from Harrisonia perforata and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Two new rearranged limonoids, harperforatin (1) and harperfolide (2), and a new chromone, harperamone (3), were isolated from fruits and roots of Harrisonia perforata, together with eight known compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Harperfolide (2) exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing nitric oxide (NO) production from activated macrophages with IC50 value of 6.