LncRNAs as potential prognosis/diagnosis markers and factors driving drug resistance of osteosarcoma, a review.

Osteosarcoma is a common malignancy that often occurs in children, teenagers and young adults. Although the treatment strategy has improved, the results are still poor for most patients with metastatic or recurrent osteosarcomas. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new and effective prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diseases.

Osteoporosis: interferon-gamma-mediated bone remodeling in osteoimmunology.

As the world population ages, osteoporosis, the most common disease of bone metabolism, affects more than 200 million people worldwide. The etiology is an imbalance in bone remodeling process resulting in more significant bone resorption than bone remodeling. With the advent of the osteoimmunology field, the immune system's role in skeletal pathologies is gradually being discovered.

The emerging roles of irisin in vascular calcification.

Vascular calcification is a common accompanying pathological change in many chronic diseases, which is caused by calcium deposition in the blood vessel wall and leads to abnormal blood vessel function. With the progress of medical technology, the diagnosis rate of vascular calcification has explosively increased. However, due to its mechanism's complexity, no effective drug can relieve or even reverse vascular calcification.

attenuates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by altering the composition of rat gut microbiota and serum metabolic profile.

Introduction: Osteoporosis, one of the most common non-communicable human diseases worldwide, is one of the most prevalent disease of the adult skeleton. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis(GIOP) is the foremost form of secondary osteoporosis, extensively researched due to its prevalence.Probiotics constitute a primary bioactive component within numerous foods, offering promise as a potential biological intervention for preventing and treating osteoporosis.

Poly (Betulinic Acid) Nanoparticles Loaded with bFGF Improve Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury.

Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the crucial molecular events of secondary spinal cord injury (SCI). Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a multipotent cell growth factor with an anti-oxidant effect. However, bFGF has a short half-life in vivo, which limits its therapeutic application.

Epigallocatechin gallate alleviates osteoporosis by regulating the gut microbiota and serum metabolites in rats.

Osteoporosis, one of the serious public health problems worldwide, can lead to degeneration of the bone structure and increased risk of fractures. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a natural product with potential efficacy in inhibiting bone loss. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear.

The synergistic effects of polyphenols and intestinal microbiota on osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disease in middle-aged and elderly people. It is characterized by a reduction in bone mass, compromised bone microstructure, heightened bone fragility, and an increased susceptibility to fractures. The dynamic imbalance between osteoblast and osteoclast populations is a decisive factor in the occurrence of osteoporosis.

The Role of Sirtuins in Osteogenic Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Vascular Calcification.

Vascular calcification (VC) is a common pathological change in many chronic diseases, such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease. It is mainly deposited in the intima and media of vessels in the form of hydroxyapatite. Recently, a lot of research has been performed to show that VC is associated with various cellular stresses, such as hyperphosphate, hyperglycemia and oxidative stress.

The Role of SIRT3 in the Osteoporosis.

SIRT3 is an NAD-dependent deacetylase in the mitochondria with an extensive ability to regulate mitochondrial morphology and function. It has been reported that SIRT3 participates in the occurrence and development of many aging-related diseases. Osteoporosis is a common aging-related disease characterized by decreased bone mass and fragility fractures, which has caused a huge burden on society.

Preventive and Therapeutic Roles of Berberine in Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from various types of plants, including those from the Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Papaveraceae families. It has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating diarrhea and gastrointestinal disorders. The medicinal properties of BBR include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, lipid-regulatory, and antidiabetic actions.

The Bioactive Substance Secreted by MSC Retards Mouse Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Calcification.

Background: Vascular calcification, which is associated with low-level chronic inflammation, is a complication that occurs during aging, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipaemia. In this study, we used conditioned media from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM), a source of autologous cytokines, to test the hypothesis that MSC-CM inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis.

Methods: VSMCs were treated with -glycerophosphate (-GP) to induce calcification and MSC-CM was used as a treatment.

Conditioned medium from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibits vascular calcification through blockade of the BMP2-Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.

Background: Arterial calcification is associated with cardiovascular disease as a complication of advanced atherosclerosis and is a significant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in arterial calcification and is characterized by cellular necrosis, inflammation, and lipoprotein and phospholipid complexes, especially in atherosclerotic calcification. The conditioned medium from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM) is well known as a rich source of autologous cytokines and is universally used for tissue regeneration in current clinical medicine.

Attenuation of the degenerative effects of endothelin-1 on cartilaginous end plate cells by the endothelin receptor antagonist BQ-123 via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Background Context: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an inflammatory mediator associated with cartilage end plate (CEP) degeneration in the intervertebral disc (IVD). SOX9 is downregulated during CEP degeneration, along with its targets, collagen II and aggrecan. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is associated with CEP degeneration and a downstream target of SOX9; however, the precise mechanism of CEP degeneration and the role of ET-1 are largely unknown.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stabilize Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaque by Anti-Inflammatory Properties.

Background And Objectives: Formation and progression of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque (VP) is the primary cause of many cardio-cerebrovascular diseases such as acute coronary syndrome and stroke. It has been reported that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exhibit protective effects against many kinds of diseases including myocardial infarction. Here, we examined the effects of intravenous MSC infusion on a VP model and provide novel evidence of its influence as a therapy in this animal disease model.

Modified classification and single-stage microsurgical repair of posttraumatic infected massive bone defects in lower extremities.

Posttraumatic infected massive bone defects in lower extremities are difficult to repair because they frequently exhibit massive bone and/or soft tissue defects, serious bone infection, and excessive scar proliferation. This study aimed to determine whether these defects could be classified and repaired at a single stage. A total of 51 cases of posttraumatic infected massive bone defect in lower extremity were included in this study.

A novel in vivo technique for observations of choke vessels in a rat skin flap model.

Background: Choke vessels are reduced-caliber vessels that link adjacent vascular territories throughout the body. The behavior of choke vessels determines flap survival. Therefore, it is important to develop a reliable technique with which to study these vessels.

Quantitative regression analysis of the cutaneous vascular territories in a rat model.

Background: The rat skin flap model has been widely used in experimental flap survival studies; however, most of these have been qualitative studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quantitative relationship between the diameter of a cutaneous artery and the area of skin that it supplies, and also to explore the factors that influence this relationship.

Methods: Thirty rats were injected with lead oxide and gelatin and then radiographed.

A mini pig model for visualization of perforator flap by using angiography and MIMICS.

Background: Research performed using animal models has assisted in the understanding of flap anatomy and physiology. Pigs' vasculature in the skin is anatomically and physiologically similar to human, making it an ideal model for research. Until now, most vascular imaging studies are of two-dimensions.

Three-dimensional angiography of the superior gluteal artery and lumbar artery perforator flap.

Background: Three-dimensional angiography was first proposed by Cornelius and advanced by Voigt in 1975. Since then, a variety of improvements have been made. The three-dimensional evaluation of perforator flaps is no longer a clinical curiosity but an absolute necessity.

[Effect of Rhizoma curcumae oil on the learning and memory in rats exposed to chronic hypoxia and the possible mechanisms.].

The effect of Rhizoma curcumae oil on the learning and memory in rats exposed to chronic hypoxia and the possible mechanisms were investigated. The rats were divided randomly into 5 groups (14 animals in each group): control, chronic hypoxia, chronic hypoxia with low (5 mg/kg body weight), middle (10 mg/kg body weight) and high (20 mg/kg body weight) concentrations of Rhizoma curcumae oil injection. The animals undergoing chronic hypoxia were exposed to hypoxia in a hypoxic chamber containing 10% O(2) and 5% CO(2) for 10 h/d, lasting 28 d.

Changes of learning, memory and levels of CaMKII, CaM mRNA, CREB mRNA in the hippocampus of chronic multiple-stressed rats.

Background: The effect of chronic stress on cognitive functions has been one of the hot topic in neuroscience. But there has been much controversy over its mechanism. Such single stressor applied in the past could not simulate complicated living circumstances that people confronted with.