Skyrmion based 3D low complex runtime reconfigurable architecture design methodology of universal logic gate.

In this study, we introduce the area efficient low complex runtime reconfigurable architecture design methodology based on Skyrmion logic for universal logic gate (ULG) i.e. NOR/NAND implementation using micromagnetic simulations.

Understanding Heterosis, Genetic Effects, and Genome Wide Associations for Forage Quantity and Quality Traits in Multi-Cut Pearl Millet.

Pearl millet is an important food and fodder crop cultivated in the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia, and is now expanding to other regions for forage purpose. This study was conducted to better understand the forage quantity and quality traits to enhance the feed value of this crop. Two sets of pearl millet hybrids (80 single cross hybrids in Set-I and 50 top cross hybrids in Set-II) along with their parents evaluated multi-locationally for the forage-linked traits under multi-cut (two cuts) system revealed significant variability for the forage traits in the hybrids and parents.

Interlayer exchange couple based reliable and robust 3-input adder design methodology.

In this paper, a novel inter-layer exchange coupled (IEC) based 3-input full adder design methodology is proposed and subsequently the architecture has been implemented on the widely accepted micromagnetic OOMMF platform. The impact of temperature on the IEC coupled full-adder design has been analyzed up to Curie temperature. It was observed that even up to Curie temperature the IEC based adder design was able to operate at sub-50 nm as contrast to dipole coupled adder design which failed at 5 K for sub 50 nm.

A novel and reliable interlayer exchange coupled nanomagnetic universal logic gate design.

In this paper, we propose an interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) based 3D universal NAND/NOR gate design methodology for the reliable and robust implementation of nanomagnetic logic design as compared to the state-of-the art architectures. Owing to stronger coupling scheme as compared to the conventional dipole coupling, the random flip of the states of the nanomagnets (i.e.

Teixobactin Provides Protection against Inhalation Anthrax in the Rabbit Model.

The use of antibiotics is a vital means of treating infections caused by the bacteria . Importantly, with the potential future use of multidrug-resistant strains of as bioweapons, new antibiotics are needed as alternative therapeutics. In this blinded study, we assessed the protective efficacy of teixobactin, a recently discovered antibiotic, against inhalation anthrax infection in the adult rabbit model.

Fine-Mapping of Sorghum Stay-Green QTL on Chromosome10 Revealed Genes Associated with Delayed Senescence.

This study was conducted to dissect the genetic basis and to explore the candidate genes underlying one of the important genomic regions on an SBI-10 long arm (L), governing the complex stay-green trait contributing to post-flowering drought-tolerance in sorghum. A fine-mapping population was developed from an introgression line cross-RSG04008-6 (stay-green) × J2614-11 (moderately senescent). The fine-mapping population with 1894 F was genotyped with eight SSRs and a set of 152 recombinants was identified, advanced to the F generation, field evaluated with three replications over 2 seasons, and genotyped with the GBS approach.

Temperature and Size Effect on the Electrical Properties of Monolayer Graphene based Interconnects for Next Generation MQCA based Nanoelectronics.

Graphene interconnects have been projected to out-perform Copper interconnects in the next generation Magnetic Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (MQCA) based nano-electronic applications. In this paper a simple two-step lithography process for patterning CVD monolayer graphene on SiO/Si substrate has been used that resulted in the current density of one order higher magnitude as compared to the state-of-the-art graphene-based interconnects. Electrical performances of the fabricated graphene interconnects were evaluated, and the impact of temperature and size on the current density and reliability was investigated.

Nanomagnetic logic based runtime Reconfigurable area efficient and high speed adder design methodology.

In this study, we present a runtime reconfigurable nanomagnetic (RRN) adder design offering significant area efficiency and high speed operations. Subsequently, it is implemented using a micromagnetic simulation tool, by exploiting the reversal magnetization and energy minimization nature of the nanomagnets. We compute the carry and sum of the 1-bit full adder using only two majority gates comprising a total of 7 nanomagnets and single design layout.

Comparision of Vital Surgical Parameters, after Administration of Midazolam and Dexmedetomidine for Conscious Sedation in Minor Oral Surgery.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy between midazolam and dexmedetomidine in relation to vital parameters, sedation score, pain score, cognitive judgment, and postoperative amnesia to the event in conscious sedation for minor oral surgical procedure.

Materials And Methods: A sample size of 30 patients were selected in each group: Group M (midazolam) and Group D (dexmedetomidine).

Results: The mean heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were significantly higher in Group M after the 20 min when compared to Group D.

A Lethal Aerosol Exposure Model of Nipah Virus Strain Bangladesh in African Green Monkeys.

The high case-fatality rates and potential for use as a biological weapon make Nipah virus (NiV) a significant public health concern. Previous studies assessing the pathogenic potential of NiV delivered by the aerosol route in African green monkeys (AGMs) used the Malaysia strain (NiVM), which has caused lower instances of respiratory illness and person-to-person transmission during human outbreaks than the Bangladesh strain (NiVB). Accordingly, we developed a small particle aerosol model of NiVB infection in AGMs.

Dipole coupled magnetic quantum-dot cellular automata-based efficient approximate nanomagnetic subtractor and adder design approach.

In this paper, we propose a dipole coupled magnetic quantum-dot cellular automata-based approximate nanomagnetic (APN) architectural design approach for subtractor and adder. In addition, we also introduce an APN architecture which offers runtime reconfigurability using a single design layout comprising only four nanomagnets. Subsequently, we propose the APN add/sub architecture by exploiting shape anisotropy and ferromagnetically coupled fixed input majority gate.

Comparison of Bite Force After Administration of Midazolam and Dexmedetomidine for Conscious Sedation in Minor Oral Surgery.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the bite force and sedation score in moderate/conscious sedation for minor oral surgical procedure.

Materials And Methods: A sample size of 30 was selected in each group (group M [midazolam] and group D [dexmedetomidine]).

Results: Dexmedetomidine group had a statistically significant sedation score than midazolam.

Nanomagnetic logic design approach for area and speed efficient adder using ferromagnetically coupled fixed input majority gate.

In this letter, we introduce the magnetic quantum-dot cellular automata (MQCA) based area and speed efficient design approach for nanomagnetic full adder implementation. We exploited the physical properties of three input MQCA majority gate (MG), where the fixed input of the MG is coupled ferromagnetically to one of the primary input operands. Subsequently we propose a design methodology, mapping logic and micromagnetic software implementation, validation of the binary full adder architecture built using two-three inputs MQCA MGs.

Experimental Infection of Syrian Hamsters With Aerosolized Nipah Virus.

Background: Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus (genus Henipavirus) that can cause severe respiratory illness and encephalitis in humans. Transmission occurs through consumption of NiV-contaminated foods, and contact with NiV-infected animals or human body fluids. However, it is unclear whether aerosols derived from aforesaid sources or others also contribute to transmission, and current knowledge on NiV-induced pathogenicity after small-particle aerosol exposure is still limited.

Protection against inhalation anthrax by immunization with Ty21a stably producing protective antigen of .

The national blueprint for biodefense concluded that the United States is underprepared for biological threats. The licensed anthrax vaccine absorbed vaccine, BioThrax, requires administration of at least 3-5 intramuscular doses. The anthrax vaccine absorbed vaccine consists of complex cell-free culture filtrates of a toxigenic strain and causes tenderness at the injection site and significant adverse events.

A Replication-Defective Human Type 5 Adenovirus-Based Trivalent Vaccine Confers Complete Protection against Plague in Mice and Nonhuman Primates.

Currently, no plague vaccine exists in the United States for human use. The capsular antigen (Caf1 or F1) and two type 3 secretion system (T3SS) components, the low-calcium-response V antigen (LcrV) and the needle protein YscF, represent protective antigens of Yersinia pestis We used a replication-defective human type 5 adenovirus (Ad5) vector and constructed recombinant monovalent and trivalent vaccines (rAd5-LcrV and rAd5-YFV) that expressed either the codon-optimized lcrV or the fusion gene designated YFV (consisting of ycsF, caf1, and lcrV). Immunization of mice with the trivalent rAd5-YFV vaccine by either the intramuscular (i.

Population Genetics and Structure of a Global Foxtail Millet Germplasm Collection.

Foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.

Pathology of lethal and sublethal doses of aerosolized ricin in rhesus macaques.

Ricin toxin, a type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein and a category B bioterrorism agent, is produced from the seeds of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis). Chronic pathological changes in survivors of aerosolized ricin exposure have not been reported in primates. Here we compare and contrast the pathological changes manifested between rhesus macaques (RM) that succumbed to lethal dose of ricin (group I) and survivor RM exposed to low dose of ricin (group II).

A chimeric Sindbis-based vaccine protects cynomolgus macaques against a lethal aerosol challenge of eastern equine encephalitis virus.

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes sporadic, often fatal disease outbreaks in humans and equids, and is also a biological threat agent. Two chimeric vaccine candidates were constructed using a cDNA clone with a Sindbis virus (SINV) backbone and structural protein genes from either a North (SIN/NAEEEV) or South American (SIN/SAEEEV) strain of EEEV. The vaccine candidates were tested in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE).

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis stress response factor SigH is required for bacterial burden as well as immunopathology in primate lungs.

Background: Sigma H (sigH) is a major Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) stress response factor. It is induced in response to heat, oxidative stress, cell wall damage, and hypoxia. Infection of macrophages with the Δ-sigH mutant generates more potent innate immune response than does infection with Mtb.

Aerosolized gentamicin reduces the burden of tuberculosis in a murine model.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease problem: 1.7 million people annually die due to TB. Emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the lack of new antibiotics have exacerbated the situation.

Aerosolized adenovirus-vectored vaccine as an alternative vaccine delivery method.

Conventional parenteral injection of vaccines is limited in its ability to induce locally-produced immune responses in the respiratory tract, and has logistical disadvantages in widespread vaccine administration. Recent studies suggest that intranasal delivery or vaccination in the respiratory tract with recombinant viral vectors can enhance immunogenicity and protection against respiratory diseases such as influenza and tuberculosis, and can offer more broad-based generalized protection by eliciting durable mucosal immune responses. Controlled aerosolization is a method to minimize vaccine particle size and ensure delivery to the lower respiratory tract.