Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as a hilar mass.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a great mimicker due to its various unusual and atypical presentations. Mass-like lesions in thoracic radiology may raise the suspicion of lung malignancy. A man in his early 50s complained of cough, low-grade fever and dyspnoea.

Pyrazinamide-induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.

The antitubercular drugs are associated with different cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe form of cutaneous reaction. Although it is rare, it carries a high mortality rate.

Coexistence of Carcinoma and Tuberculosis in the Cecum: A Clinical Conundrum.

The coexistence of carcinoma of the colon and tuberculosis (TB) represents a rare and intricate clinical scenario. It poses significant challenges in both diagnosis and management. Clinical prediction of this coexistence is challenging since the clinical features of these two conditions are often similar.

Mediastinal Lipomatosis.

Mediastinal lipomatosis is a benign condition characterized by excessive deposition of unencapsulated mature adipose tissue in the mediastinum. The exact prevalence is not known. The available literature mainly consists of some case series and a bunch of case reports.

A Case of Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia With Incomplete Response to Diethylcarbamazine Therapy.

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) is a specific pulmonary manifestation of lymphatic filariasis. There is overwhelming infiltration of eosinophils in the lung parenchyma in response to microfilaria. The characteristic features include paroxysmal respiratory symptoms, strikingly high blood eosinophil count, elevated level of immunoglobulin (Ig) E along with high titer of anti-filarial antibody.

Neurosurgical Outcomes, Protocols, and Resource Management During Lockdown: Early Institutional Experience from One of the World's Largest COVID 19 Hotspots.

Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic surpasses 1 year, it is prudent to reflect on the challenges faced and the management strategies employed to tackle this overwhelming health care crisis. We undertook this study to validate our institutional protocols, which were formulated to cater to the change in volume and pattern of neurosurgical cases during the raging pandemic.

Methods: All admitted patients scheduled to undergo major neurosurgical intervention during the lockdown period (15 March 2020 to 15 September 2020) were included in the study.

Blooming of Gonyaulax polygramma along the southeastern Arabian Sea: Influence of upwelling dynamics and anthropogenic activities.

The influence of upwelling on the phytoplankton community was examined during the upwelling-relaxation period in the southeastern Arabian Sea. Elevated upwelling intensity during the summer monsoon season of 2016 resulted in the re-suspension of harmful dinoflagellates into the surface water. Further, the surplus of phosphorus (P) inputs into the coastal waters from estuarine runoff during the upwelling-relaxation period induced blooming of Gonyaulax polygramma (4.

Experience with FRED junior flow diverter in treatment of cerebral aneurysms at or distal to the circle of Willis.

This retrospective study was aimed at assessing our results of endovascular management using the FRED junior flow diverter in cerebral aneurysms at or distal to the circle of Willis. 12 patients with 15 small cerebral vessel aneurysms at or distal to the circle of Willis underwent endovascular treatment using the FRED junior flow diverter at two tertiary care centres in Mumbai, India. 12 of the 15 aneurysms were unruptured, one was treated in an acutely ruptured setting, while two, which had presented with SAH were initially treated with balloon assisted coiling and later treated in a staged manner with a flow diverter.

Endovascular Management of Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations: A Retrospective Analysis over a 15-Year Period.

Objectives: This retrospective study was aimed at assessing our results of endovascular management in vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM).

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of 26 patients of VGAM who underwent endovascular treatment between 1998 and 2012. All patients underwent trans-arterial embolization.

Pattern of Emergent Head Computed Tomography Findings in a Tertiary Care Hospital during off Working Hours: Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Emergency head computed tomography (CT) is rising exponentially during off working hours due to evidence-based medicine, patient's expectation and desires, easy availability and apprehension of medico-legal cases, thereby raising health-care cost. There is huge gap in demand and supply of radiologist, especially during off working hours. There is need to know the pattern of emergency head findings.

A Study on the Clinical and Angiographic Spectrum of Spontaneous Extracranial Dissections in the Cerebral Vasculature.

Aim: To prospectively study the clinical profile, angiographic features, and functional outcomes, in consecutive cases of extracranial dissection seen at two tertiary stroke care centers in South India.

Materials And Methods: In this observational study, spanning 4 years (December 12-December 16), a total of 442 patients presented with an acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) at our study centers. 14/546 (3.

Loricate ciliates as an indicator of eutrophication status in the estuarine and coastal waters.

Owing to the environmental sensitivity of ciliate species, the monitoring and assessment of these communities can indicate the health of the aquatic environment. Sampling for loricate ciliates was carried out during different seasons at three different locations in the estuarine and coastal waters of Kochi, Southwest coast of India. The loricate ciliate community comprising of 27 species belonging to 10 genera revealed significant differences among the three sampling locations.

Optimum time for intravenous cannulation after induction with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide in children without any premedication.

Background: Intravenous cannulation is usually done in children after inhalational induction with volatile anesthetic agents. The optimum time for safe intravenous cannulation after induction with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide has been studied in premedicated children, but there is no information for the optimum time for cannulation with inhalational induction in children without premedication.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the optimum time for intravenous cannulation after the induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide in children without any premedication.

Diagnosing thoracic venous aneurysm: A contemporary imaging perspective.

Thoracic venous aneurysms are a rare clinical entity and contrast-enhanced computed tomography has been the cornerstone of their diagnosis. We are reporting a rare case of isolated left brachiocephalic vein aneurysm, which was surgically managed, highlighting the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a definitive diagnostic modality in this patient.

MR fistulography with percutaneous instillation of aqueous jelly: A cost effective technique innovation.

Background: Perianal fistula is a commonly encountered condition in routine surgical practice. Accurate presurgical mapping of these tracts is vital to prevent recurrence. We have assessed the effectiveness of percutaneous instillation of aqueous jelly prior to magnetic resonance (MR) fistulography.

MRI features in dengue encephalitis: A case series in South Indian tertiary care hospital.

Dengue virus, a RNA virus of family Flaviviradae is considered non-neurotropic. Increasing studies and case reports reveal neurological manifestations of dengue virus. In our case series, we have evaluated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of 3 patients with dengue fever diagnosed by positive dengue NS1 antigen with neurological symptoms, which revealed nonspecific imaging features of dengue encephalitis in two cases and dengue meningoencephalitis in one case.

A Comparative Study of Pituitary Volume Variations in MRI in Acute Onset of Psychiatric Conditions.

Introduction: The growing belief that endocrine abnormalities may underlie many mental conditions has led to increased use of imaging and hormonal assays in patients attending to psychiatric OPDs. People who are in an acute phase of a psychiatric disorder show Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, but the precise underlying central mechanisms are unclear.

Aim: To assess the pituitary gland volume variations in patients presenting with new onset acute psychiatric illness in comparison with age and gender matched controls by using MRI.

Imaging and interventions in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A pictorial essay.

Intracranial hypertension is a syndrome of elevated intracranial pressure that can be primary or secondary. The primary form, now termed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), was in the past a disease of exclusion and imaging played a limited role of excluding organic causes of raised intracranial pressure. However imaging markers have been described with patients with IIH at the orbit, sella and cerebral venous system.

Orbital apex osteodural fistula--An unusual surgical access.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are fistulas connecting the branches of dural arteries to dural veins or a venous sinus. Osteodural fistulas are a rare subset of this group of diseases. We wish to report a rare case of an osteodural arteriovenous fistula at the foot of the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV), treatment of which required an unusual surgical approach via the orbit and SOV.

Pressure injectors for radiologists: A review and what is new.

Pressure Injectors are used routinely in diagnostic and interventional radiology. Advances in medical science and technology have made it is imperative for both diagnostic as well as interventional radiologists to have a thorough understanding of the various aspects of pressure injectors. Further, as many radiologists may not be fully conversant with injections into ports, central lines and PICCs, it is important to familiarize oneself with the same.

Cerebral and spinal vascular involvement in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telengiectasia: Report of two cases.

Introduction: We present two cases of Hereditary Hemmorhagic Telengiectasia (HHT), one pediatric and the other adult, with a view to highlight the myriad cerebral and spinal vascular manifestations of this disease. The syndrome and its various findings will be reviewed including the utility of angiography in assessing the various vascular abnormalities of the cerebral and spinal vasculature.

Methods: A review of literature regarding various developmental abnormalities including brain and spinal cord arterio-venous malformations (AVMs), arterio-venous fistulae (AVFs), micro AVMs, micro-fistulae, aneurysms and cavernomas that occur in pediatric and adult population subsets of HHT.

The white cell count in pregnancy and labour: a reference range.

Objective: The white cell count (WCC) can be raised in pregnancy, but there is no published data-set to support a normal range. This study aimed to develop one.

Methods: The WCC of 500 consecutive labouring women at term receiving regional anaesthesia and 500 consecutive women delivered at term by elective caesarean section were retrieved from an electronic database.