Design, synthesis and analysis of charged RGD derivatives.

In the present study, negatively charged N-Biotin-RGD and positively charged C-Biotin-RGD were designed, synthesized, and characterized with docking analysis. The fixation of MDA-MB-231 cells with formalin made their cell surface neutrally charged thus removing the electrostatic interactions between charged biotinylated RGD derivatives and MDA-MB-231 cells. The results of the binding affinity of biotinylated RGD derivatives against MDA-MB-231 cells showed that N-Biotin-RGD had higher binding affinity than C-Biotin-RGD.

Chemotherapeutic Resistance Genes of Breast Cancer Patients - An Overview.

Cancer is the leading challenge to human health since the dawn of early Egyptian manuscripts, where they found tumour from fossils in the modernized 20th century. Increasing rate of incidence and death from cancer in the past few years is thought provoking. Among all type of cancers, breast cancer is very common among women and diverse in character.

Development of optimized novel liposome loaded with 6-gingerol and assessment of its therapeutic activity against NSCLC In vitro and In vivo experimental models.

6-Gingerol (Gn) is an active compound derived from ginger which possesses various biological activities. The therapeutic applications of Gn are limited due to its hydrophobic nature. To ease its administration, one of the nano-emulsion methods, liposome was selected to encapsulate Gn.

Mutations in the Voltage Dependent Calcium Channel (P/Q type alpha 1A subunit) Causing Neurological Disorders - An Overview.

Background: The voltage-dependent calcium channel α1 subunit (CACNA1A) gene plays a major role in neuronal communication. Mutation in this gene results in altered Ca ion influx that modify the neurotransmitter release resulting in the development of various neurological disorders like hemiplegic migraine with cortical spreading depression, epilepsy, episodic ataxia type 2, and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6.

Objective: This review aimed in portraying the frequent mutations in CACNA1A gene causing hemiplegic migraine with cortical spreading depression, epilepsy, episodic ataxia type 2 and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6.

Mitochondrial genetics and therapeutic overview of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a common inherited mitochondrial disorder that is characterized by the degeneration of the optic nerves, leading to vision loss. The major mutations in the mitochondrial genes ND1, ND4, and ND6 of LHON subjects are found to increase the oxidative stress experienced by the optic nerve cell, thereby leading to nerve cell damage. Accurate treatments are not available and drugs that are commercially available like Idebenone, EPI-743, and Bendavia with their antioxidant role help in reducing the oxidative stress experienced by the cell thereby preventing the progression of the disease.