Clinical profile of acute kidney injury in a pediatric intensive care unit from Southern India: A prospective observational study.

Background: Although the term acute renal failure was replaced by acute kidney injury (AKI) recently, there is a paucity of data on the incidence and profile of AKI in critically ill children from the developing world.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the incidence, etiology, short term outcome and predictors of fatality in critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with AKI, aged 1 month to 13 years.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective observational study, from June 2010 to March 2011, 215 children admitted to the PICU were screened for AKI, defined according to the AKI Network criteria.

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis.

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a recognized complication of infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Infections with other micro-organisms, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae, have been cited as causes of HUS. In addition, influenza virus and other viruses may rarely be associated with this syndrome.

Permanent neurological sequelae following accidental podophyllin ingestion.

Accidental podophyllin poisoning is rare, but it can be associated with high morbidity and mortality. The authors describe severe encephalopathy and cerebral atrophy caused by accidental podophyllin ingestion in a 3-year-old boy. This case illustrates the permanent neurological damage in a developmentally normal child from a preventable cause.