Diabetes in Pre-independence India: Rediscovering a Forgotten Era.

Around 300- 400 AD, ancient Indian physicians described a condition akin to diabetes mellitus which was called "Madhumeha". Sushrutha and Charaka, are also credited with describing two types of diabetes which would roughly correspond to type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about the history of diabetes in India between the first and 19th century AD.

The -866G/A polymorphism in the promoter of the UCP2 gene is associated with risk for type 2 diabetes and with decreased insulin levels.

Background And Aim: Oxidative stress and impaired insulin secretion is an underlying major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) is involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species production, insulin secretion, and lipid metabolism. Based on this we aimed to find an association of UCP2 (G-866A) polymorphism with the risk of T2D in South Indian population.

Association of paraoxonase-1 gene polymorphisms with insulin resistance in South Indian population.

Background And Aim: Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, paraoxonase-1(PON1) is reported to have an ability to reduce insulin resistance by promoting glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) expression in vitro. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PON1 is associated with variability in enzyme activity and concentration.

Comparison of maternal and fetal outcomes among Asian Indian pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus: A situational analysis study (WINGS-3).

Aim: To compare the existing maternal and fetal outcomes in Asian Indian women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) before the development of the Women in India with GDM Strategy (WINGS) GDM model of care (MOC).

Materials And Methods: Records of pregnant women were extracted retrospectively from three maternity centers in Chennai. GDM was diagnosed using the International Association for Pregnancy Study Groups criteria or the Carpenter and Coustan criteria.

Comparison of the world health organization and the International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups criteria in diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus in South Indians.

Aim: We aimed to compare the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) and the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chennai, India.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the retrospective data of 1351 pregnant women who underwent screening for GDM at four selected diabetes centers at Chennai (three private and one government). All women underwent an oral glucose tolerance test using 75g glucose load and fasting, 1-h, and 2-h samples were collected.