Dual crosslinked pullulan-gelatin cryogel scaffold for chondrocyte-mediated cartilage repair: synthesis, characterization andevaluation.

Cryogels, a subset of hydrogels, have recently drawn attention for cartilage tissue engineering due to its inherent microporous architecture and good mechanical properties. In this study a dual crosslinked pullulan-gelatin cryogel (PDAG) scaffold was synthesized by crosslinking gelatin with oxidized pullulan by Schiff's base reaction followed by cryogelation. Chondrocytes seeded within the PDAG scaffolds and cultured for 21 ddemonstrated enhanced cell proliferation, enhanced production of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix and up-regulated sulfated glycosaminoglycan without altering the articular chondrocyte phenotype.

3D-printed biphasic scaffolds for the simultaneous regeneration of osteochondral tissues.

Osteochondral tissue engineering (OCTE) involves the simulation of highly complex tissues with disparate biomechanical properties. OCTE is regarded as the best option for treating osteochondral defects, most of the drawbacks of current treatment methodologies can be addressed by this method. In recent years, the conventional scaffolds used in cartilage and bone regeneration are gradually being replaced by 3D printed scaffolds (3DP).

Glutamic acid-based dendritic peptides for scaffold-free cartilage tissue engineering.

Current treatment modalities for cartilage regeneration often result in the production of fibrous-type cartilage tissue at the defect site, which has inferior mechanical properties as compared to native hyaline cartilage. Further, effective treatments are not available at present, for preventing age-related as well as disease-related hypertrophic development of chondrocytes. In the present study, we designed and synthesized three sets of glutamic acid-based dendritic peptides, differing in degree of lipidation as well as branching.

Prognostic implication of the loss of TGFBR2 expression in oral carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a disease that strikes many worldwide, accounting for more than 145,000 deaths annually. This study examined the role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) signalling alterations in oral carcinogenesis and also its influence on the disease prognosis. In presented study, we evaluated the protein-level alterations of core TGFβ signalling members in 20 potentially malignant oral disorders (PMDs) - leukoplakia and submucous fibrosis and 87 oral cancer samples by western blotting.

Prognostic implication of the loss of TGFBR2 expression in oral carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a disease that strikes many worldwide, accounting for more than 145,000 deaths annually. This study examined the role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) signalling alterations in oral carcinogenesis and also its influence on the disease prognosis. In presented study, we evaluated the protein-level alterations of core TGFβ signalling members in 20 potentially malignant oral disorders (PMDs) - leukoplakia and submucous fibrosis and 87 oral cancer samples by western blotting.

The early manifestation, tumor-specific occurrence and prognostic significance of TGFBR2 aberrant splicing in oral carcinoma.

Alternative splicing is an important mechanism that can disrupt cell cycle control resulting in tumorigenesis. Although many alterations of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) signaling are reported in cancers, the role of splice aberrations in destabilizing this signaling is the least understood mechanism. In this study, we compared TGFBR2 alternative splicing events in potentially malignant oral disorders (PMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples with those in normal samples.

The microRNA networks of TGFβ signaling in cancer.

In metazoans, the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling regulates a host of activities ranging from embryonic development to tissue homeostasis. The normal as well as tumor cells respond to this cytokine signaling pathway in a highly context-dependent manner. It acts as a potent tumor suppressor initially by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Novel mutations and expression alterations in SMAD3/TGFBR2 genes in oral carcinoma correlate with poor prognosis.

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is a pleiotropic cytokine signaling pathway, which controls cellular activities ranging from embryogenesis to apoptosis. Although many molecular alterations in this pathway have been described in cancers, the central point of concern, that is how these alterations influence the treatment outcome, has been addressed to a lesser extent. In this study, we have characterized the alterations of TGF-β-SMAD signaling in 97 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples and assessed the association between these alterations and the outcome of the treatment.

Visualization studies of an acoustically excited liquid sheet.

The interaction between atomizing air and a liquid sheet initiates interfacial instabilities that develop into large amplitude waves, which ultimately promote liquid disintegration. However, to reduce atomizing airflow, the dynamic influence of the surrounding gas is not sufficient to affect the inner core of the liquid. In other words, the characteristic length scales of perturbation promoting break-up are small in comparison with the initial liquid momentum.