[Manufacture of electrocardiographs in the Russian Federation].

The paper considers the state of Russian electrographic technology in Russia and gives examples of its electrocardiographic apparatuses, among which there are electrocardiographs in common use and cardiac complexes that have extended functional capacities.

[Synchronous automated analysis of a spirogram and cardiac intervalogram].

The paper deals with the functional diagnosis based on the synchronous analysis of a spirogram and a cardiac intervalogram (CIG) by evaluating respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). A method based on the calculation of R-R interval differences in separate breathing cycles is used for automated reckoning of RSA. A band-pass filter is employed to separate out a respiratory constituent of CIG.

[Computerized spirometers (analysis of problem solving)].

The basic constructive and algorigthmic designs which are widely used in the up-to-date national computers to measure forced expiration parameters are analysed. The most frequently encountered circuits and basic metrological parameters are given and testing procedures are outlined.

[Methods and facilities for testing instruments used for measuring indices of pulmonary ventilation function (a review)].

The author reviews the current methods and facilities used for measuring ventilatory pulmonary function. Makes conclusions about prospective methods of the setting of standards and checking of the metrological characteristics as well as about the structure of the necessary equipment.

[A study of dynamic errors of measuring main respiratory parameters by devices fitted out with variable pressure differential flowmeters].

A method that may be used for identifying the dynamic characteristics of the measuring canal of a device for studying the respiratory parameters is described. The device is equipped with a flow-metering primary transducer of variable pressure differential and a semiconductor pressure transformer of the PDP-10 or PDP-12 types according to the reaction towards graded action. The results of the computation of dynamic errors that may occur in measuring the main parameters of forced expiration by devices of such design are analyzed.

[Calculation of dynamic errors in the measurement of the basic indices of forced expiration].

To correlate the dynamic characteristics of the units used to measure forced expiration to the dynamic errors of the same parameters measurements, the mathematical model of the process was worked out. This is the measuring pattern based on the description of the unit by the second-order differential equation with constant coefficients. The diagrams of the obtained dependences are stated.

[Choice of the limits of allowable random errors of measurement of the basic indices of respiration].

Modern methods for the evaluation of principal respiration indexes were analysed to formulate the demands for methodological characteristics of the devices used in lung functional diagnosis. As a result the extent of measurement random errors of main respiration indexes, which guarantee the prescribed level of right diagnosis probability are established.

[Study of the pneumotachograph with the Pito tube].

The pneumotachograph with a velocity head flowmeter and a linearization system has been studied. Theoretical and experimental results have revealed a possibility to design a multilevel pneumotachograph with the Pito tube providing gas output measurements at a wide respiration range while the slight flow resistance and the small dead space being maintained. It also allows for undisturbed data recording.