Exploring facilitators and barriers to daily chlorhexidine gluconate bathing in adult patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Unlabelled: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a promising treatment for hematologic malignancies, but intensive conditioning leads to immunosuppression and susceptibility to healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Despite standard prevention measures, bloodstream infections (BSI) impact a significant percentage of immunocompromised HCT patients. Incidence of BSI can be mitigated by chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing-an underutilized infection-prevention strategy.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate Bathing Reduces the Incidence of Bloodstream Infections in Adults Undergoing Inpatient Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) occur in 20% to 45% of inpatient autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients. Daily bathing with the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) has been shown to reduce the incidence of BSIs in critically ill patients, although very few studies include HCT patients or have evaluated the impact of compliance on effectiveness. We conducted a prospective cohort study with historical controls to assess the impact of CHG bathing on the rate of BSIs and gut microbiota composition among adults undergoing inpatient HCT at the Duke University Medical Center.

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activities of selected N-substituted cinnamamide derivatives evaluated on reference and clinical bacterial strains.

In this study, thirty-five N-substituted derivatives of cinnamic acid amide (cinnamamide) were evaluated for anti-Helicobacter pylori activity using an agar disc-diffusion method. Qualitative screening was performed on a reference H. pylori strain (ATCC 43504), resulting in the identification of the three most active compounds, 8 (R,S-(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)prop-2-enamide, minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC = 7.

Levofloxacin resistance of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients in southern Poland, between 2006-2012.

An increasing resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to antimicrobial agents leads to the need of regional monitoring of the prevalence resistant strains (according to the Maastricht/Florence consensus report, 2012). The aim of the study was to assess the resistance to levofloxacin of H.

PCR-RFLP detection of point mutations A2143G and A2142G in 23S rRNA gene conferring resistance to clarithromycin in Helicobacter pylori strains.

Background: The occurrence of clarithromycin resistance among Helicobacter pylori strains is a major cause of the treatment failure. Resistance to this drug is conferred by point mutations in 23S rRNA gene and the most prevalent mutations are A2143G and A2142G. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of A2143G and A2142G mutations in a group of H.

Variability in Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Strains Resistant to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin in Southern Poland.

Background. An increasing resistance of Helicobacter pylori strains to antimicrobial agents is the serious therapeutic problem. The aim of this study was to compare the primary and secondary resistance of H.

Primary and secondary clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin and levofloxacin resistance to Helicobacter pylori in southern Poland.

The aim of this study was to assess the primary and secondary resistance of H. pylori strains cultured from adult patients of the Małopolska region of Poland, mainly of Kraków and the surrounding areas, to antibacterial agents (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole and levofloxacin). In total, 115 H.

Assessment of co-existence of Helicobacter pylori and Candida fungi in diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Candida spp. were found in the gastric mucosa of 27 (17%) patients, out of whom 18 (11%) showed co-existence of the fungi with H. pylori.

Neuro-hormonal control of food intake: basic mechanisms and clinical implications.

Obesity is one of the most common metabolic diseases and the greatest threats of the health because of possibility of numerous complications. In order to design effective drugs or apply the helpful surgical procedure it is essential to understand physiology of appetite control and pathophysiology of obesity. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy input in the form of food, equals energy expenditure through exercise, basal metabolism, thermogenesis and fat biosynthesis.

Helicobacter pylori infection and serum gastrin, ghrelin and leptin in children of Polish shepherds.

Objective: Family unit is generally accepted as one of the contributors to Helicobacter pylori infection that is most frequently acquired in childhood, so it seems logical to diagnose and treat this infection in childhood. This study was designed to assess H. pylori prevalence in children from shepherd families having contacts with sheep.

Case presentation of gastrinoma combined with gastric carcinoid with the longest survival record -- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy.

Background: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a very rare disease caused by tumor with gastrin producing cells accompanied by hypergastrinemia leading to gastric hypersecretion and peptic ulcers and their complications.

Case Study: Female case of gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; Z-E) with a record of 38 yrs of survival. Acute gastro-duodenal ulcers started at 28 yr of age and Z-E was diagnosed by using gastrin assays.

Oral cavity as a potential source of gastric reinfection by Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a common pathogen colonizing the a gastric mucosa, but some reports indicated that it may also be found in the oral cavity, which could serve as a reservoir of the bacteria and a source of gastric reinfection. Accordingly, we aimed to study whether the oral cavity, particularly gingival pockets, are colonized by Hp and whether it could be the source of gastric reinfection. We studied 329 patients with dyspeptic symptoms (257 with chronic gastritis, 15 with gastric ulcer, and 57 with duodenal ulcer).

Implication of gastrin in cyclooxygenase-2 expression in Helicobacter pylori infected gastric ulceration.

Gastroduodenal ulcerations have worldwide distribution and the infection with Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been implicated in pathogenesis of this disease. The HP infection is usually accompanied by hypergastrinemia and enhanced generation of prostaglandins (PG), both implicated in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcerations but no study has been undertaken to assess the relationship between the HP infection and coexpression of gastrin and cyclooxygenases (COX), the rate limiting enzymes in the PG production. Since HP infection, usually accompanying peptic ulcerations, results in increased release of gastrin, a potent gastric mitogen that might be capable to induce COX-2 and to generate PG, we decided 1) to compare the seroprevalence of HP and its cytotoxic protein, CagA, in gastric ulcer patients with those in age- and gender-matched controls; 2) to determine the gene expression of gastrin and its receptors (CCK(B)-R) at the margin of gastric ulcer and in the mucosa of antrum and corpus before and after successful eradication of HP, 3) to assess the plasma levels and gastric luminal contents of gastrin before and after HP eradication and 4) to examine the mRNA and enzyme protein expression of COX-1 and COX-2 as well as the PGE2 generation in ulcer margin tissue and gastric antral and fundic mucosa before and after the HP eradication.

Luminal Nalpha-methyl histamine stimulates gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients via releasing gastrin.

Nalpha-methyl histamine is an unusual histamine metabolite which is produced in the stomach infected by Helicobacter pylori and which was shown in animals to stimulate gastric acid secretion and to release gastrin in vitro isolated G-cells, but no information is available regarding its influence on gastric secretion and gastrin release in duodenal ulcer patients before and after H. pylori eradication. In this study, we compared the effects of intragastric administration of single or graded doses of Nalpha-methyl histamine on gastric acid secretion and plasma gastrin levels in 16 male duodenal ulcer patients (aging from 35 to 48 years and weighing 65-82 kg) before and after the eradication of H.

Physiological role of cholecystokinin in gastroprotection in humans.

Objective: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is able to protect gastric mucosa against acute injury in experimental animals but little is known about the role of this hormone in maintaining mucosal integrity in humans. This double-blind, placebo controlled study was performed in 16 healthy volunteers. It describes the effects of CCK-8 infused intravenously (i.

Microdose 14C-urea breath test in detection of Helicobacter pylori.

Etiologic role for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) seems to be well established in gastric pathology. The high urease activity of Hp can be used to detect this bacterium by non-invasive urea breath tests (UBT). We validated the microdose version of the test in which 37 kBq 14C-urea is given orally in capsule.

Helicobacter pylori infection after gastrectomy and vagotomy in duodenal ulcer patients.

The eradication of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is known to reduce the recurrence rate of duodenal ulcer (DU) to similar extent as gastrectomy but it is not clear what is the prevalence of Hp in DU patients after surgical interventions such as gastrectomy or vagotomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of gastrectomy or truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty on the prevalence of Hp in 51 DU patients just before and 6-8 months after these procedures. Using C14-urea breath test (UTB), rapid CLO-test and histology of the biopsy samples of gastric mucosa obtained during gastroscopy, the Hp was detected in all DU subjects submitted to operation.

One week treatment with omeprazole, clarithromycin and tinidazole or lansoprazole, amoxicillin and metronidazole for cure of Helicobacter pylori infection in duodenal ulcer patients.

We defined optimal Helicobacter pylori (Hp) treatment as Hp eradication rate about 90%, well-tolerated with few side-effects. Two centers carried out randomized trials including 90 patients (74% men, 26% women, ages ranging from 18 to 65, mean age 42 +/- 8) with active duodenal ulcers (DU). Patients were treated with the combination of Omeprazole (O) 20 mg bd + Clarithromycin (C) 250 mg bd + Tinidazole (T) (500 mg bd) or with Lansoprazole (L) 15 mg bd + Amoxicillin (A) 750 mg bd + Metronidazole (M) 500 mg bd administered for one week.

[Comparative evaluation of culture techniques and ELISA test in detection of Helicobacter pylori infection].

The paper evaluates the correlation between culture tested for Helicobacter pylori from biopsy material obtained from patients diagnosed with stomach ulcer, duodenal ulcer and gastritis, and the level of specific IgG antibodies measured by the ELISA test. As compared with culture, the ELISA test yielded a higher percentage of positive assays. Antibody titer was particularly raised in patients with duodenal ulcer, which accounted for 83% of cases.

Effects of ebrotidine on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage and blood flow in humans.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) such as aspirin (ASA) damage the gastric mucosa both in normal subjects and in arthritic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective action of a new H2-receptor antagonist, ebrotidine, in the prevention of ASA-induced acute mucosal injury in the stomach of healthy volunteers. In a double-blind randomized crossover study 10 male volunteers received treatment with either placebo plus ASA (500 mg) or ebrotidine (800 mg) plus ASA twice daily for 3 days with 10 days' washout period between treatments.

Double-blind crossover study of ranitidine and ebrotidine in gastro-esophageal reflux disease.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is multifactorial disorder in which acid exposure has a central role in the mucosal damage, and the mainstay of medical treatment is the suppression of gastric acid secretion justifying the use of H2 receptors antagonists. In our study we compared the effects of ranitidine and ebrotidine, a novel H2 antagonist with gastroprotective properties, on the motor, pH and endoscopic aspects of GERD in randomized cross-over trial in humans. Twenty patients with endoscopic evidence of erosive esophagitis were included in the study.

Gastroprotective and antisecretory effects of ebrotidine.

This study was designed to assess the gastroprotective and secretory effects of ebrotidine, a novel H2-receptor antagonist, in humans. Two groups (A and B) of male subjects with normal gastric mucosa were used. Group A (six subjects) was treated for 3 days with either ebrotidine or placebo in a randomized, crossover study, and on the 4th day 100 ml of 50% ethanol was sprayed on the mucosa via an endoscope.

Prostaglandins in peptic ulcer disease: effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compounds (NOSAC).

This study shows that human fundic mucosa generates various PGs, particularly PGE2, and thromboxanes and this generation appears to be significantly lower in gastric ulcer than in duodenal ulcer patients or normal subjects. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory compounds (NOSAC), such as aspirin and indomethacin, greatly reduce the PG biosynthesis and cause mucosal damage including mucosal erosions and haemorrhages observed at endoscopy, increased gastric microbleeding and DNA loss. In contrast, carprofen, a novel NOSAC with good antiinflammatory properties and gastric tolerance, failed to affect mucosal generation of PGs and did not influence gastric mucosal integrity.

The use of carprofen, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, in peptic ulcer diseases.

The effects of carprofen (Roche), a nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, on gastric secretion, serum gastrin level, electropotential difference (PD), gastric microbleeding, DNA loss, and the generation of mucosal prostaglandins (PGs) were examined in 20 duodenal ulcer patients with active ulcer (15 patients) or in remission (5 patients). Carprofen administered for one-week period at a therapeutic dose (300 mg/day) was well tolerated by all ulcer patients and no adverse effects were observed during or after treatment. Endoscopy performed after carprofen treatment showed complete ulcer healing in 9 out of 15 patients and no exacerbations were observed in the rest of patients.

Effect of carprofen and indomethacin on gastric function, mucosal integrity and generation of prostaglandins in men.

The effects of indomethacin and carprofen on gastric secretion, serum gastrin level, electropotential difference, gastric microbleeding, DNA loss, mucosal blood flow and the production of mucosal prostaglandins (PGs) were investigated in a double-blind cross-over study in 18 healthy volunteers after one week of treatment. We did not observe any significant changes in basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretory parameters, serum gastrin level and electro-potential difference before and after treatment with these drugs. Mucosal blood flow was significantly reduced following indomethacin treatment.