[Diagnosis and treatment of patients with abdominal trauma].

Objective: To improve the results of diagnosis and treatment of patients with abdominal injuries through a wider introduction of laparoscopic methods.

Material And Methods: We analyzed 3556 patients with concomitant abdominal injuries. All patients had damage to several organs and systems.

The effect of pesticides on the NADH-supported mitochondrial respiration of permeabilized potato mitochondria.

Pesticides can seriously affect the respiratory chain of the mitochondria of many crops, reducing the intensity of plant growth and its yield. Studying the effect of pesticides on the bioenergetic parameters of intact plant mitochondria is a promising approach for assessing their toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effect of some pesticides on isolated potato mitochondria, which used exogenous NADH as a substrate for respiration.

High Doses of Pesticides Induce mtDNA Damage in Intact Mitochondria of Potato In Vitro and Do Not Impact on mtDNA Integrity of Mitochondria of Shoots and Tubers under In Vivo Exposure.

It is well known that pesticides are toxic for mitochondria of animals. The effect of pesticides on plant mitochondria has not been widely studied. The goal of this research is to study the impact of metribuzin and imidacloprid on the amount of damage in the mtDNA of potato ( L.

[The higher education at the post-Soviet territories: the long echo of the Bologna process].

The objective of the present work was to analyze the possibilities envisaged by the Bologna system for the improvement of the quality of higher medical education at the post-Soviet territories. Any academic innovations including, in the first place, the accession to the Bologna process should be assessed in terms of their influence on the quality of education. This article describes the main factors responsible for the impaired quality of specialist training and the unjustified growth in the number of students in the combination with the loss of motivation to study.

[The experience with the reconstruction of the superoposterior wall of the external auditory meatus during stapedoplasty].

The objective of the present study was to improve the effectiveness of stapedoplasty by developing the method for the prevention of the formation of retraction pockets in the tympanic membrane and cicatrical fixation of auditory ossicles. A total of 60 patients presenting with grade I-II otosclerosis and conductive or mixed-type hearing impairment were surgically treated during the period from 2008 to 2014. Twenty four of these patients had undergone stapedoplasty in the preceding period in different clinics that either failed to improve their conditions or resulted in their deterioration.

[The role of the perinatal transmission and persistence of human papilloma virus in the development of juvenile respiratory papillomatosis].

This review paper presents the results of the recent studies designed to elucidate the etiopathogenetic role ofhuman papilloma virus infection in the development of respiratory papillomatosis in the children. Special attention is given to the possible pathways and mechanisms of the mother-to-child transmission of papilloma virus, its frequency and risk factors during pregnancy and in the postnatal period. The results of investigations into the frequency of papilloma virus infection in the children are presented along withrisk factors contributing to its persistence and the development ofjuvenile respiratory papillomatosis.

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Neuropathy: Generation of Free Radical Species in the Glycation Reaction and Gene Polymorphisms Encoding Antioxidant Enzymes to Genetic Susceptibility to Diabetic Neuropathy in Population of Type I Diabetic Patients.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) represents the main cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Clinical data support the conclusion that the severity of DN is related to the frequency and duration of hyperglycemic periods. The presented experimental and clinical evidences propose that changes in cellular function resulting in oxidative stress act as a leading factor in the development and progression of DN.

[The possibilities for the application of the fluoroplast-based prostheses with a diamond-like carbon nanocoating in ear surgery (an experimental study)].

The objective of the present study was to elucidate general and local characteristics of the tissue reactions to the implantation of radiation-modified polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based fluoroplast F-4PM20 with a diamond-like carbon (DLC) nanocoating or with the diamond-like carbon coating containing the dispersed nano-sized silver particles to the experimental animals (rats). A total of 150 inbred white rats were included into the experiment; they were divided into 3 groups comprised of 50 animals each. The rats in group 1 were implanted with the 5 nm thick strips of fluoroplast F-4PM20 having the diamond-like carbon nanocoating.

[Reconstructive mastoidoplasty following sanitation surgery on the ear].

The objective of the present study was to enhance the effectiveness of surgical rehabilitation of the patients presenting with "operated ear disease". Sixty four patients underwent sanitation surgery on the ear by means of plastic correction with the use of a muscular-periosteal flap on a feeding pedicle with the simultaneous restoration of the posterior wall of the external auditory canal by the implantation of septal autocartilage. The surgical technique is described.

[The microbiological structure of chronic suppurative otitis media in the Gomel region].

The objective of the present work was to study the spectrum of microbiota maintaining the inflammatory process in the cavities of the middle ear of the patients presenting with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and to estimate its susceptibility to antibiotic agents. The discharge from the ears was subjected to microbiological analysis in 138 patients with CSOM. Some of the microorganisms proved highly sensitive to antibiotic agents.

[Auditory brain stem implantation: reality and prospects].

This review describes the history of development and application of the auditory brain stem implantation techniques and current clinical progress in this field. Indications for the use of this methods adopted in different countries are considered in conjunction with peculiar features of the design of the most common types of the implants. The basic surgical approaches and the most frequently observed postoperative complications are described.

The role of video-assisted laparoscopy in management of patients with small bowel injuries in abdominal trauma.

Background: Patients with small bowel injuries (SBI) in abdominal trauma have no clear clinical or radiological signs on initial examination. This leads to delay in appropriate surgical interventions with consequent high morbidity and mortality. In this paper we demonstrate the role of video-assisted laparoscopy (VAL) in management of such patients.

Laparoscopy versus laparotomy in management of abdominal trauma.

Background: A majority of abdominal injuries (AIs) are associated with shock, hence most of the patients are hemodynamically unstable, which limits the use of video-assisted laparoscopy (VAL) in their management. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using VAL in management of stable and unstable patients with abdominal trauma.

Methods: In a period of six years 2,695 patients with AIs were evaluated.

Restoration of gastrocnemius muscle in MDX mice of different age after injury and implantation of xenogenic muscle tissue.

The intensity of regeneration of crossed gastrocnemius muscle was evaluated in two groups of mdx mice of different age 2 weeks after implantation of crushed muscle tissue from newborn rats into the wound defect area. The effect of xenoplasty manifested in increased weight of the damaged muscle. The effect was observed in mice aging 12-16 weeks but not in those aged 40-48-weeks.

[Videoendosurgical diagnosis and treatment of abdominal injuries in combined trauma].

Experience with videolaparoscopy in 1332 patients with combined abdominal trauma is analyzed. The original method of diagnosis of traumatic abdominal multitraumas in shock patients was proposed and patented. Diagnostic and treatment algorithm for hemoperitoneum in patients with abdominal multitrauma based on USE or CT data on liquid in the abdominal cavity has been developed.

[Use of autotransplants and implants in ossiculoplasty].

The paper presents a comparative analysis of efficacy of ossiculoplasty (OP) using different transplants. A total of 202 operations were performed. Prostheses made of the fragments of the auditory ossicles, or a cortical layer of the temporal bone (n=81), of nail plate (n=56), titanium implants (n=65) were applied.

Cardiotropic effect of extracardiac transplantation of embryonic human myoblasts to mice with bradycardia: various effects of cell material.

Animals with bradycardia were detected in reproductive colony of mdx mice. Low pulse rate was associated with poor survival and predisposition to sudden death, but did not directly depend on the presence of dystrophin mutant gene or animal age. Heart rate increased in old mice with bradycardia after extracardial, intramuscular, and intravenous injection of human embryonic myoblasts.

[Balloon compression hemostasis in injuries of parenchymatous organs].

Balloon compression method of hemostasis in injuries of parenchymatous organs is described. Developed device consists of inflatable balloon and double-lumen tube for drainage of abdominal cavity and filling of balloon with air. Hemostasis is achieved due to inflation of balloon and pressure on injured surface.

[The sphincter-related biliodigestive anastomoses in anomalies of bile ducts].

The authors made an analysis of anomalies of the bile ducts with special reference to anatomical peculiarities and iatrogenic lesions of the bile ducts. The anomalies of bile ducts were found in 2.07% of 676 patients operated on for complicated cholelithiasis.

Hereditary muscular dystrophy in MDX mice as a homologous model for introduction of cell technologies in the treatment of progressive muscular dystrophies in humans.

Life-time monitoring of the main clinical and laboratory manifestations of hereditary muscular dystrophy in mdx mice confirmed the presence of mutation in exon 23 of dystrophin gene and the absence of this protein in skeletal muscles of mutant animals. Muscular dystrophy in mice was similar to human progressive muscle disorder, which allows the use of this model for the development of cell technologies for the treatment of hereditary muscular diseases in humans.

[Laparoscopic surgeries in acute cholecystitis].

Results of 2035 laparoscopic cholecystectomies for acute cholecystitis and its complications were analyzed. Indications and contraindications are clarified. Some technical features made the procedure easier in perivesical infiltration and adhesive process in the upper abdominal cavity.

Xenotransplantation of embryonic precursors of human myogenesis for the correction of dystrophinopathy in mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy.

Human embryonic myogenic precursors were transplanted into muscles of mdx mice with hereditary dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Transplantation induced the synthesis of human dystrophin. The number of dystrophin-positive fibers progressively decreased, however, some of them were preserved even 5 months after transplantation.

[Hereditary diseases of nervous system in the population of Vladimir province].

The first population genetic study of hereditary disorders of the nervous system (HDNS) in Vladimir oblast was carried out. A total of 1,622,900 subjects, including 1,306,200 from the urban and 316,700 from the rural population, were tested. The population examined was characterized by virtually homogenous ethnic structure, with Russians constituting 95.