A Green High-k Dielectric from Modified Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based with Dextrin.

Many crucial components inside electronic devices are made from non-renewable, non-biodegradable, and potentially toxic materials, leading to environmental damage. Finding alternative green dielectric materials is mandatory to align with global sustainable goals. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a bio-polymer derived from cellulose and has outstanding properties.

Modelling and simulation of multicomponent acetone-butanol-ethanol distillation process in a sieve tray column.

Renewable energy sources are prospective solutions for addressing future energy needs arising from the ever-increasing population and dwindling petroleum reserves. Biobutanol is one of the most efficient biofuels for use as a mixture with motor vehicle fuels. Biobutanol is produced from the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation process and is separated into the pure components via multicomponent distillation.

Lamellae Assembly in Dendritic Spherulites of Poly(l-lactic Acid) Crystallized with Poly(-Vinyl Phenol).

Lamellar assembly with fractal-patterned growth into dendritic and ringed spherulites of crystallized poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), of two molecular weight (MW) grades and crystallized at (temperature of crystallization) = 120 and 130 °C, respectively, are evaluated using optical and atomic-force microscopies. The results of surface-relief patterns in correlation with interior microscopy analyses in this work strongly indicate that the observed birefringence changes in PLLA polymer dendritic or ringed spherulites (from blue to orange, or to optical extinction) need not be definitely associated with the continuous helix twisting of lamellae; they can be caused by sudden and discontinuous lamellae branching at intersected angles with respect to the original main lamellae, as proven in the case of dendritic and zig-zag rough-ringed spherulites. Intersection angles between the main stalks and branches tend to be governed by polymer crystal lattices; for PLLA, the orthorhombic lattice (α-form) usually gives a 60° angle of branching and hexagonal growth.

Surface nanopatterns of two types of banded spherulites in poly(nonamethylene terephthalate) thin films.

Surface nanopatterns of dual ring-banded spherulites in poly(nonamethylene terephthalate) (PNT) were investigated using polarized optical microscopy (POM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface morphology differs between narrow-spaced single ring bands versus widely spaced double ring bands in spherulites, labeled Type-1 and Type-2, respectively. Ridge and valley consist of two discrete species ranging from nano- to micrometer-sized crystals shaped and oriented differently.

Phase-separation-induced single-crystal morphology in poly(L-lactic acid) blended with poly(1,4-butylene adipate) at specific composition.

The single-crystal morphology of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) in blending with poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) in PLLA/PBA blends was for the first time reported in melt crystallization. At crystallization temperature (T(c)) = 110 °C, by adding 30 wt % PBA into PLLA, the lamellae exhibit six-stalk dendrites with single-crystal packing. Phase separation and crystallization took place simultaneously at T(c) = 110 °C in PLLA/PBA (70/30) blend, leading to discrete PBA domains and continuous PLLA domains.

Surface and interior views on origins of two types of banded spherulites in poly(nonamethylene terephthalate).

Top-surface and three-dimensional views of Type-1 and Type-2 of ring-banded spherulites in poly(nonamethylene terephthalate) (PNT) in thicker bulk crystallized on a nucleating potassium bromide (KBr) substrate were examined using various microscopy techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarized-optical microscopy (POM), and atomic-force microscopy (AFM). In PNT crystallized at higher crystallization temperature (T(c)) with heterogeneous nucleating substrate, typically two types of ring-banded spherulites are present that differ significantly in patterns and ring spacings: Type-1 Type-2 (single- and double-ring-banded spherulites). Three-dimensional view on fractured spherulites in bulk PNT samples reveals that the single-ring-banded spherulite (Type-1) tends to be well-rounded spheres as they are nucleated homogeneously from bulk; the double-ring-banded spherulite (Type-2) is concentric hemisphere or truncated sphere shells owing to be nucleated from bottom.