The Evolving Role of Nucleotide-binding Oligomerisation Domain-like Receptor Pyrin Domain 3 Inflammasome Activation in Vascular Endothelial Cells: A Review.

In the vascular wall, defence against pathogenic damage requires a group of monocytes, the endothelium, dendritic cells, macrophages and a subsequent involvement of pattern recognition receptors anticipating damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to initiate an innate immune response. The endothelium plays a crucial role in regulating the duration, location and extent of the inflammatory cascade to ensure a definitive immune defence. Molecular changes in the expression of chemokines and cell adhesion molecules ensure protective responses against infection and injury.

The Role of Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study.

Glucocorticoids are one of the causes of secondary osteoporosis. The aqueous extract of contains flavonoids that possess antioxidant effects. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous leaf extract on structural, dynamic and static histomorphometric changes from osteoporotic bones of rats induced with glucocorticoids.

Piper sarmentosum Effects on 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Enzyme in Serum and Bone in Rat Model of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis.

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is one of the common causes of secondary osteoporosis. () extract possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we determined the correlation between the effects of leaf water extract with the regulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type 1 enzyme activity in serum and bone of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic rats.

Glycyrrhizic acid (GCA) as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor exerts protective effect against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

Rapid onset of bone loss is a frequent complication of systemic glucocorticoid therapy which may lead to fragility fractures. Glucocorticoid action in bone depends upon the activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11β-HSD1). Regulations of 11β-HSD1 activity may protect the bone against bone loss due to excess glucocorticoids.