Effect of virtual reality-based biofeedback for depressive and anxiety symptoms: Randomized controlled study.

Background: The use of virtual reality (VR)-based biofeedback (BF), a relatively new intervention, is a non-pharmacological treatment of depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, studies on VR-based BF are lacking and inconclusive.

Methods: A total of 131 adults were recruited from the community.

A study on the functional near-infrared spectroscopy on impaired prefrontal activation and impulsivity during cognitive task in patients with major depressive disorder.

Background: This study aimed to examine the association between prefrontal activation during a verbal fluency task (VFT) and impulsivity among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Methods: We enrolled a total of 119 participants, 60 with MDD patients and 59 with healthy controls (HCs), aged 18 to 34 years. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) was used to assess impulsivity after completing baseline demographic, clinical, and physical assessments.