In vitro efficacy of levonadifloxacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) including hVISA isolates collected across India.

Background: Vancomycin has been the preferred treatment for MRSA infections. However, newer drugs are necessary due to the increasing prevalence of MRSA isolates that are less susceptible to vancomycin. Levonadifloxacin and its prodrug alalevonadifloxacin, novel quinolones with broad spectrum anti-MRSA activity.

Pre- & post-vaccine trends in pneumococcal serotypes & antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Background & objectives The Pneumococcal vaccines were introduced under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 2021 in India. Drawing from the collective experience of various nations, it is anticipated that there will be a substantial shift in serotype patterns following the introduction of this vaccine. The available data is limited to years until 2018 when the vaccine was introduced in only five States.

Outbreak of Burkholderia cenocepacia in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Nosocomial outbreaks of Burkholderia cepacia complex, transmitted through contaminated medical surfaces or equipment have been reported. Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) is recognized as the "gold standard" for molecular subtyping, yet studies on clonal relationships in India are limited. PFGE was used to study the clonal relationships of 22 isolates of Burkholderia cenocepacia from 12 patients admitted to a critical care unit during 2 months (November and December 2021).

Species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates in clinical infections: Experience from a tertiary care hospital, Southern India.

Purpose: Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a diverse group of environmental bacteria associated with opportunistic infections. The identification of Bcc using conventional methods poses challenges. Bcc infections are difficult to treat due to intrinsic antibiotic resistance.

Utility of quantitative loop mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) assay for the diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).

Purpose: Quantitative LAMP (qLAMP) assay is one of the recent and emerging diagnostic tests for infectious diseases. Only a few studies exist comparing this assay with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).

Aim: To compare the diagnostic performance of qLAMP assay with qPCR targeting autolysin gene for the diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease.

Influence of COVID-19 over seasonal influenza activity in southern India.

Basic epidemiological data is urgently needed in order to ascertain the changes brought about by COVID-19 pandemic, and help researchers, clinicians, and policy makers in addressing these issues. Data on influenza positivity from 2009 to 2019 was collected from Regional Influenza laboratory, JIPMER. Being COVID testing centre we tested samples (2020-2023) from Tamilnadu and Pondicherry.

Evaluation of different linezolid susceptibility testing methods and detection of linezolid resistance gene (cfr) in staphylococcal isolates.

Linezolid is an effective oxazolidinone antibiotic against multi resistant Gram-positive organisms. Linezolid resistance is an emerging problem and some controversy exists about the reliability of different phenotypic methods of linezolid susceptibility testing. Fifty isolates each of methicillin resistant S.

Structure Elucidation and Interaction Dynamics of MefA-MsrD Efflux Proteins in : Impact on Macrolide Susceptibility.

Macrolides are empirically used to treat bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). , being the major pathogen responsible for bacterial CAP with high mortality rates, express MefA-MsrD efflux pumps to hinder macrolide susceptibility. Despite its importance, the structural features of the efflux-protein complex and its impact on macrolide susceptibility have not yet been elucidated explicitly.

A rare and fatal case of tubo-ovarian abscess due to presenting as puerperal sepsis.

Introduction: Melioidosis is an emerging life-threatening infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative found in contaminated soil and surface ground water. It often presents with varied clinical manifestations and has a high mortality if left untreated due to lack of clinical suspicion. Here we report a rare and fatal case of tubo-ovarian abscess presenting as puerperal sepsis due to in a young woman.

Genome sequences of producing isolated from immunocompromised patients in India.

Among the species within complex, has not been frequently isolated from clinical settings, unlike , which is an important nosocomial pathogen. We report the genomic sequences of strains (PKAL1732 and 1828C) harboring multiple-resistance determinants including metallo-β-lactamase ( ) isolated from immunocompromised patients admitted to a referral hospital in India.

Multiple mechanisms of linezolid resistance in detected by whole-genome sequencing.

Linezolid is an effective therapeutic option for treating severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive organisms. Several mechanisms have been reported to be responsible for resistance to this antibiotic. Although several mechanisms of linezolid resistance have been reported in , the prevalence and potential for horizontal transfer of resistance genes have not been fully characterized, particularly among isolates from India.

Clinical Profile and Predictors of Mortality among Patients with Melioidosis.

Introduction: Melioidosis is an under-recognized but important infection with high mortality and morbidity. It is endemic along the coastal regions of the Southern part of India. The present study focuses on the varied clinical manifestations, associated risk factors, and outcomes in patients from the Southeastern part of India.

Early- vs Late-onset Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Adults: Comparison of Risk Factors, Outcome, and Microbial Profile.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most frequent hospital-acquired infections, which develops in mechanically ventilated patients after 48 hours of mechanical ventilation. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate, various risk factors, microbiological profile, and outcome of early- vs late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in medical intensive care unit (MICU).

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 273 patients admitted to the MICU in JIPMER, Puducherry, from October 2018 to September 2019.

Variable Virulence Genes in Clinical Isolates of : Impact on Disease Severity and Outcome in Melioidosis.

 To isolate from clinical specimens and study the association of virulence genes with clinical manifestations and outcome in patients with melioidosis.   isolates obtained from melioidosis cases diagnosed during 2018 to 2021 were identified using VITEK 2 system and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a Type III secretion system gene cluster. Multiplex PCR was performed to detect the genotypes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) namely A, B, and B2, and singleplex PCR was performed to detect the presence of the intracellular motility gene ( ) and filamentous hemagglutinin gene ( ).

Clinical profile and risk factors for mortality in children admitted with diphtheria: an observational study.

Background: There is an ongoing resurgence of diphtheria infection worldwide despite a vaccine being available to prevent it for more than four decades.

Objectives: To study the clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of diphtheria cases among children 1-12 years of age treated in our hospital from 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2021.

Methodology: The data of hospitalised cases of childhood diphtheria from 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2019 were retrospectively analysed from the medical records department of our hospital.

Estimation of seroprevalence of melioidosis among adult high risk groups in Southeastern India by indirect Hemagglutination assay.

Burkholderia pseudomallei is an environmental saprophyte known to cause melioidosis, a disease endemic in northern Australia and Southeast Asia. With the increasing number of melioidosis cases, there is a lack of data on seroprevalence rates and extent of exposure in high risk population of melioidosis from different endemic regions in India. The present cross sectional study was undertaken to estimate the seroprevalence of melioidosis in high risk populations in and around Puducherry, a coastal town in Southeastern India.

Rare and unexpected cause for isolated massive pericardial effusion in a patient with end-stage renal disease-Brucellosis.

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic infections with worldwide distribution. The clinical presentation of brucellosis ranges from asymptomatic to severe disease involving haematological, gastrointestinal, neurological and osteoarticular systems. Cardiovascular manifestations are rare in brucellosis cases with endocarditis being the most common presentation.

Auricular Perichondritis of an Unusual Etiology.

Auricular perichondritis leading to perichondral abscess is an unusual complication of periauricular surgery. Early identification of the condition with aggressive and timely management is mandated to prevent permanent damage to the auricle. This article demonstrates the first reported case in literature of auricular perichondritis due to Neisseria flava.

Assessment of Perinatal Clinical Characteristics, Perinatal Risk Factors, and Microbial Profile in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Study.

Purpose: To assess the perinatal risk factors, clinical characteristics, and microbial profile in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in pediatric patients of age <5 years. After a thorough clinical evaluation, the diagnosis of the CNLDO was confirmed by a Jones dye test or fluorescein dye disappearance test.

An Eight Year Clinico-Microbiological Retrospective Study on Brain Abscesses in India.

Background: Intracranial abscesses have been a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge since time immemorial for both the microbiologists and the neurosurgeons. There is paucity of detailed studies documenting the infecting organism causing brain abscesses in South India.

Aims: The study aimed at identifying and assessing the prevalence of aerobic, anaerobic bacteria and fungi associated with brain abscesses at a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Poor Sensorium at the Time of Intubation Predicts Polymicrobial Ventilator Associated Pneumonia.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit and is associated with a high mortality rate.

Aim: The study was conducted to estimate the frequency, outcomes, and predictors of polymicrobial VAP.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in mechanically ventilated adult patients in the medical intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital in India from July 2016 to July 2018 with a 30-day follow-up period.

Detection of vancomycin variable enterococci (VVE) among clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium collected across India-first report from the subcontinent.

Purpose: Emergence of vancomycin variable enterococci (VVE) poses a challenge to empiric vancomycin therapy. Vancomycin-variable enterococci (VVE) are vanA-positive, yet phenotypically vancomycin-susceptible enterococci that can switch to a vancomycin-resistant phenotype when exposed to vancomycin. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of VVE in India.

Clinical profile, visual outcome and root cause analysis of post-operative cluster endophthalmitis due to .

Purpose: To present varied clinical presentations, surveillance reports, and final visual outcomes of a rare outbreak of cluster endophthalmitis caused by gram-negative, opportunistic bacilli, Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc).

Methods: Details of five patients who developed postoperative cluster endophthalmitis were collected. For each patient, an undiluted vitreous sample was collected during vitreous tap.

Isolation of from a case of exudative pharyngitis, a close mimicker of .

is a recently described coryneform bacteria. It is only rarely identified from clinical specimens and its pathogenic significance has not been well studied. Here we report the isolation of the species from the throat swab of a patient with suspected diphtheria.

Pulmonary melioidosis complicating foreign body aspiration in a young adult.

Melioidosis is caused by an environmental Gram-negative bacilli . Diabetes mellitus, occupational exposure to soil and water, pre-existing renal diseases and thalassemia are significant independent risk factors for melioidosis. A 30-year-old male carpenter and smoker had a history of accidental aspiration of foreign body 2 months prior.