Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy with Choroid Plexus Cauterization in Infantile Hydrocephalus: An Experience from Mali.

Introduction: Pediatric hydrocephalus is a common disease in sub-Saharan Africa. In Mali, 350-400 new cases are diagnosed in our center yearly. With a total land mass of 1,241,000 km2, patients in remote areas must travel up to 1,500 km to access neurosurgical care.

"It's Not in Your Head": Gaslighting, 'Splaining, Victim Blaming, and Other Harmful Reactions to Microaggressions.

Secondary microaggressions refer to the ways in which people of historically dominant groups negate the realities of people of marginalized groups. describes the act of manipulating others to doubt themselves or question their own sanity; people confronted for committing microaggressions deny the existence of their biases, often convincing the targets of microaggressions to question their own perceptions. (derived from mansplaining/Whitesplaining) is an act in which a person of a dominant group speaks for or provides rationale to people of marginalized groups about topics related to oppression or inequity.

Addressing gendered varietal and trait preferences in West African maize.

Maize is the most important cereal in Sub Saharan Africa; however, yields are significantly lower than those possible with improvements in cultivars and management. Maize breeding programs need to produce material with improved resistance to increasing environmental stresses and incorporate the man and women farmer preferred traits that relate to yield, postharvest, nutritional, and processing qualities. This research uses gender-disaggregated data recorded during participatory on-farm maize trials by the Stress Tolerant Maize Program conducted in agroecological zones of Benin, Nigeria and Mali) to identify men and women farmer's expressed varietal and trait preferences in order to evaluate plant breeding strategy.

[Placenta accreta at Timbuktu hospital, Mali: a case report and literature review].

Introduction: placenta accretacauses severe postpartum haemorrhage. Our objective is to describe its diagnostic and therapeutic aspects as well as incidence at Timbuktu hospital.

Observation: We have encountered one case of placenta accreta in six years, an occurrence of 1 in 6160 births.

[Endoscopic surgery and covid 19 disease: case report].

The objective of this work is to raise the issue of contamination of covid 19 disease during endoscopic endonasal surgery for pituitary tumor. This is a 32-year-old patient with a body mass index at 49,38 seen in an outpatient clinic for headache, erectile dysfunction and gynecomania, a CT scan revealed a pituitary macroadenoma. The preoperative workup was unremarkable including the rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was negative.

[Maternal and perinatal prognosis of eclampsia at the Timbuktu Hospital in Mali].

Eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal death worldwide. The purpose of our study was to determine maternal and perinatal prognosis of eclampsia at the Timbuktu Hospital in Mali. We conducted a descriptive, retrospective study of patients with eclampsia during pregnancy or delivery at the Timbuktu Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017.

Stigma and US Nurses' Intentions to Provide the Standard of Maternal Care to Incarcerated Women, 2017.

To examine relationships among actionable drivers and facilitators of stigma and nurses' intentions to provide the standard of maternal care recommended by the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) for incarcerated women. We conducted a Web-based survey of perinatal nurses in the United States (n = 665; participation rate 98.0%; completion rate 95.

Salivary Biomarkers of Parenting Stress in Mothers Under Community Criminal Justice Supervision.

Background: Community criminal justice supervised mothers are an underserved population who experience high rates of psychological distress and unique parenting challenges, but little is known about physiological stress system function in this population.

Objective: We tested the salivary biomarkers of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function as predictors of subjective maternal stress.

Method: We recruited 23 mothers (age: M = 35.

Perinatal Nurses' Experiences With and Knowledge of the Care of Incarcerated Women During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.

Objective: To describe perinatal nurses' experiences of caring for incarcerated women during pregnancy and the postpartum period; to assess their knowledge of the 2011 position statement Shackling Incarcerated Pregnant Women published by the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN); and to assess their knowledge of their states' laws regulating nonmedical restraint use, or shackling, of incarcerated women.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Online across the United States.

Kinetics of Soluble Mediators of the Host Response in Ebola Virus Disease.

Background: The pathophysiology of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is still poorly understood. This study aimed at identifying soluble biomarkers that inform on disease mechanisms.

Methods: Fifty-four soluble mediators of the immune, coagulation, and endothelial system were measured in baseline and follow-up samples from hospitalized patients with EVD, using Luminex technology.

Individual and contextual risk factors for chikungunya virus infection: the SEROCHIK cross-sectional population-based study.

The purpose of the study was to weigh the community burden of chikungunya determinants on Reunion island. Risk factors were investigated within a subset of 2101 adult persons from a population-based cross-sectional serosurvey, using Poisson regression models for dichotomous outcomes. Design-based risk ratios and population attributable fractions (PAF) were generated distinguishing individual and contextual (i.

[Integrating clinical research into epidemic response: the field perspective in the Ebola experience].

During the 2013-2016 west African Ebola outbreak that affected West Africa, accelerated clinical trials, testing unproven but promising and potentially lifesaving experimental interventions emerged as a key component of the global outbreak. In 2017, no Ebola medical countermeasures had proven antiviral efficacy in patients. However, in September 2014, the World Health Organization inventoried a list of potential drug candidates developed or repurposed with demonstrated antiviral efficacy in vitro or in animal models.

Deep Sequencing of RNA from Blood and Oral Swab Samples Reveals the Presence of Nucleic Acid from a Number of Pathogens in Patients with Acute Ebola Virus Disease and Is Consistent with Bacterial Translocation across the Gut.

In this study, samples from the 2013-2016 West African Ebola virus outbreak from patients in Guinea with Ebola virus disease (EVD) were analyzed to discover and classify what other pathogens were present. Throat swabs were taken from deceased EVD patients, and peripheral blood samples were analyzed that had been taken from patients when they presented at the treatment center with acute illness. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics were used to identify the potential microorganisms.

Challenges in preparing and implementing a clinical trial at field level in an Ebola emergency: A case study in Guinea, West Africa.

During the large Ebola outbreak that affected West Africa in 2014 and 2015, studies were launched to evaluate potential treatments for the disease. A clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the antiviral drug favipiravir was conducted in Guinea. This paper describes the main challenges of the implementation of the trial in the Ebola treatment center of Guéckédou.

How to treat Ebola virus infections? A lesson from the field.

The reported case fatality ratios (CFR) of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been as high as 90% in previous outbreaks. While the cumulative CFR among patients medically evacuated and treated in Western countries was inferior to 20%, it peaked to approximately 75% between September and December 2014 in West Africa, thereafter decreasing to less than 40% (May 2015) without current evidence of major virus mutations capable to alter virus pathogenicity over the course of the epidemic. Therefore, the observed diminution of CFR is likely to reflect improvement of EVD patient care.

Favipiravir pharmacokinetics in Ebola-Infected patients of the JIKI trial reveals concentrations lower than targeted.

Background: In 2014-2015, we assessed favipiravir tolerance and efficacy in patients with Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) in Guinea (JIKI trial). Because the drug had never been used before for this indication and that high concentrations of the drugs were needed to achieve antiviral efficacy against EBOV, a pharmacokinetic model had been used to propose relevant dosing regimen. Here we report the favipiravir plasma concentrations that were achieved in participants in the JIKI trial and put them in perspective with the model-based targeted concentrations.

Transcriptomic signatures differentiate survival from fatal outcomes in humans infected with Ebola virus.

Background: In 2014, Western Africa experienced an unanticipated explosion of Ebola virus infections. What distinguishes fatal from non-fatal outcomes remains largely unknown, yet is key to optimising personalised treatment strategies. We used transcriptome data for peripheral blood taken from infected and convalescent recovering patients to identify early stage host factors that are associated with acute illness and those that differentiate patient survival from fatality.

Persistence and clearance of Ebola virus RNA from seminal fluid of Ebola virus disease survivors: a longitudinal analysis and modelling study.

Background: By January, 2016, all known transmission chains of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in west Africa had been stopped. However, there is concern about persistence of Ebola virus in the reproductive tract of men who have survived EVD. We aimed to use biostatistical modelling to describe the dynamics of Ebola virus RNA load in seminal fluid, including clearance parameters.

Ebola Virus Persistence in Breast Milk After No Reported Illness: A Likely Source of Virus Transmission From Mother to Child.

A 9-month-old infant died from Ebola virus (EBOV) disease with unknown epidemiological link. While her parents did not report previous illness, laboratory investigations revealed persisting EBOV RNA in the mother's breast milk and the father's seminal fluid. Genomic analysis strongly suggests EBOV transmission to the child through breastfeeding.

Resurgence of Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea Linked to a Survivor With Virus Persistence in Seminal Fluid for More Than 500 Days.

We report on an Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivor who showed Ebola virus in seminal fluid 531 days after onset of disease. The persisting virus was sexually transmitted in February 2016, about 470 days after onset of symptoms, and caused a new cluster of EVD in Guinea and Liberia.