In-vitro bacteriostatic activity of levofloxacin and three other fluoroquinolones against penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the in-vitro bacteriostatic activity of levofloxacin in comparison with that of ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin against 205 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (101 penicillin-susceptible, 51 penicillin-intermediate and 53 penicillin-resistant). The isolates were provided between September 1996 and October 1996 by French hospitals participating in the National Co-operative Survey of Pneumococcal Infections. The determination of MICs (mg/L) was made by the agar dilution method.

[Development of resistance to beta-lactams and other antibiotics of pneumococci isolated from acute otitis media in France: statement of the National Reference Center 1995-1996].

Population And Methods: During 1995 and 1996, 393 and 566 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated from acute otitis media, were respectively sent to the National Reference Center for Pneumococci by its corresponding centers.

Results: The resistance rates for 1995 and 1996 were respectively: for penicillin: 65.4 and 70.

[Streptococcus pneumoniae: serotypes, invasive and antibiotic resistant strains. Current situation in France].

Objectives: Anti-pneumococcal antibiotic therapy has reduced morbidity and mortality of pneumococcal infections, but this success has retarded wide application of vaccination. The emergence and worldwide diffusion of antibiotic-resistant strains raises an important public health problem. The current situation requires determining the respective roles of antibiotic therapy and vaccine immunoprophylaxy.

[Presumptive tests and molecular hybridization for the identification of untypable strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae].

Five different methods for identification of pneumococci (optochine susceptibility, bile solubility, Slidex Pneumo-kit, Phadebact Pneumococcus test, AccuProbe DNA test) were evaluated with a total of 280 Streptococcus pneumoniae non typable strains. 189 strains were identified as pneumococci according to the AccuProbe test results. Among these, 180 strains (95.

In-vitro killing activity of combinations of beta-lactam agents with aminoglycosides against penicillin-resistant pneumococci.

Streptococcus pneumoniae has developed resistance to almost every antibacterial agent used in clinical practice, including the most active beta-lactams. This has led to the proposed use of drug combinations. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of combinations of beta-lactam agents (cefotaxime or imipenem) with aminoglycosides (gentamicin, netilmicin or amikacin) against pneumococci showing high-level resistance to penicillin and streptomycin and/or kanamycin.

In vitro killing activities of antibiotics at clinically achievable concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children with meningitis.

We evaluated the in vitro killing activities of ceftriaxone, imipenem, vancomycin, gentamicin, fosfomycin, and rifampin, alone and in combination, against 26 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains (penicillin G MICs, > 0.125 to 2 micrograms/ml) isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis. The antibiotics were tested at clinically achievable concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid.

[In vitro antibacterial activity of pristinamycin against penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae].

Pristinamycin, a member of streptogramin family, is the association of two groups (components I and pristinamycin II A) which have a high synergistic activity. Given the increasing rates of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in many countries, and in particular of strains exhibiting multiple resistance to commonly used antibiotics, it was interesting to study the in vitro activity of pristinamycin against penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae (47 strains) and compare it with that of erythromycin.

In-vitro antibacterial activity of RP 59500, a semisynthetic streptogramin, against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The in-vitro activity of the new streptogramin RP 59500 was determined against 100 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In all, 48 erythromycin-sensitive strains and 52 erythromycin-resistant strains were tested by an agar dilution method (MIC determination), 20 strains (eight erythromycin-sensitive and 12 erythromycin-resistant) were tested by a broth microdilution technique (MIC and MBC determination) and ten strains (two erythromycin-sensitive and eight erythromycin-resistant) were tested for bactericidal kinetics. The study showed that RP 59500 had good bacteristatic and bactericidal activity against both erythromycin-sensitive and erythromycin-resistant strains.

Resistance of two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to pristinamycin associated with 16-membered macrolides.

Two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from haemocultures show a phenotype resistance which has never been described within this species. This a is a dissociation between resistance and sensitivity within the macrolides group, associated with global resistance as regards pristinamycin (SA + SB).

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Streptococcus group B].

The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of 18 antibiotics for 412 isolates of group B streptococci from newborns, mothers or pregnant women were determined. 3.2% of these strains were less susceptible to penicillin G, 1% failed to be inhibited by erythromycin and 1% by chloramphenicol.

[Pneumococcal serotyping in France. Development (1978-1982) and vaccine covering].

From 09/1977 till 08/1982, 2,449 pneumococcus strains coming from Paris or province hospitals were typed according to the Danish system with antisera from the Copenhagen Statens Serum Institut by counter-immunoelectrophoresis for the first 900 and by capsular swelling afterwards. For the whole, the first 14 types or groups are in order: 19 (348), 6 (261), 23 (231), 3 (205), 1 (158), 14 (104), 9 (103), 18 (94), 7 (82), 11 (82), 15 (82), 4 (74), 8 (63), 10 (55), and make up 79.3% of the whole.