Age above all: The impact of storage duration in mice resuscitated with whole blood or packed red blood cells and plasma in a hemorrhagic shock model.

Background: The use of whole blood compared with a balanced ratio of components in trauma resuscitation remains an area of ongoing investigation. One factor that may affect outcomes is the age of the blood product transfused. We used a murine model of blood banking and hemorrhagic shock resuscitation to compare the effect of storage duration in whole blood and packed red blood cells on the recipient inflammatory response.

Perceptions of the White Coat: Generational, Regional, and Gender Differences Among Surgeons.

Introduction: Recent studies have evaluated patient perception of physician attire; however, few studies have considered physician perceptions of workplace attire. This study aimed to assess current trends regarding attire preferences among surgeons.

Methods: A national, population-based survey was distributed via email and "X" (Twitter).

Primary Team Versus Local Recovery in Liver Transplantation in the Modern Era: A National Analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing Database.

Background: The implementation of acuity circles (AC) in 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic increased the use of local surgeons to recover livers for transplant; however, the impact on liver transplant (LT) outcomes is unknown.

Methods: Deceased donor adult LT recipients from the UNOS database were identified.  Recipients were grouped by donor surgeon: local versus primary recovery.

Pectoralis Muscle Index as Predictor of Outcomes in Patients With Severe Blunt Chest Wall Injury.

Introduction: Sarcopenia has been shown to portend worse outcomes in injured patients; however, little is known about the impact of thoracic muscle wasting on outcomes of patients with chest wall injury. We hypothesized that reduced pectoralis muscle mass is associated with poor outcomes in patients with severe blunt chest wall injury.

Methods: All patients admitted to the intensive care unit between 2014 and 2019 with blunt chest wall injury requiring mechanical ventilation were retrospectively identified.

Whole blood storage duration alters fibrinogen levels and thrombin formation.

Introduction: Whole blood resuscitation for hemorrhagic shock in trauma represents an opportunity to correct coagulopathy in trauma while also supplying red blood cells. The production of microvesicles in stored whole blood and their effect on its hemostatic parameters have not been described in previous literature. We hypothesized that microvesicles in aged stored whole blood are procoagulant and increase thrombin production via phosphatidylserine.

Microvesicles from stored red blood cells induce P-selectin and von Willebrand factor release from endothelial cells via a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism.

Introduction: The use of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) for resuscitation is limited by the red blood cell storage lesion, a series of biochemical and physiological changes that occur during the storage and aging of blood. Microvesicles (MVs) shed from pRBCs during this process are one component of the red blood cell storage lesion and lead to acute lung injury and pulmonary vascular microthrombi. We hypothesized that MVs from stored pRBCs lead to the release of P-selectin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) from endothelial cells and that this mechanism is mediated via activation of protein kinase C (PKC) or protein kinase A (PKA).

Sex Disparities in Academic Productivity and Rank Among Abdominal Transplant Faculty in the United States.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in academic rank and productivity among members of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons in the United States.

Methods: Cross-sectional, focusing on current board-certified abdominal transplant surgeons in the United States. Demographic factors such as sex, region, and faculty rank were collected from institutional websites.

A multi-institutional study from the US ROPE consortium examining factors associated with endocrine surgery exposure for general surgery residents.

Background: Prior analyses of general surgery resident case logs have indicated a decline in the number of endocrine procedures performed during residency. This study aimed to identify factors contributing to the endocrine operative experience of general surgery residents and compare those who matched in endocrine surgery fellowship with those who did not.

Methods: We analyzed the case log data of graduates from 18 general surgery residency programs in the US Resident Operative Experience Consortium over an 11-year period.

Biophysiological stress and sleep deprivation among abdominal transplant surgery fellows: A prospective multi-institutional study using a wearable device.

Background: Transplant surgery fellowship is physically and emotionally demanding. The objective of this study was to characterize biophysiological stress and sleep patterns among transplant surgery fellows.

Methods: Participating fellows wore a biophysical monitor over a 28-day period and completed biweekly surveys.

Experience of surgical subspecialty residents on general surgery rotations.

Background: Surgical subspecialty residents complete 5-6 years of training which includes general surgery rotations. A lack of data exists evaluating these rotations. This study aims to identify discrepancies in subspecialty training and improve the quality of surgical education.

The national rate of malignancy among Bethesda III, IV, and V thyroid nodules is higher than expected: A NSQIP analysis.

Background: The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology was formalized in 2007 to stratify cytologic specimens based on their risk of malignancy. Several studies have reported significant variations between their institutional rate of malignancy compared to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. The objective of this study was to determine the national rate of malignancy for Bethesda III, Bethesda IV, and Bethesda V thyroid nodules.

[Treatment of choroidal neovascular membranes].

Purpose: The purpose is to present our experience in diagnosis and treatment of choroidal neovascular membranes of various etiology.

Material And Methods: This is a retrospective study consisting of 165 patients that were diagnosed with choroidal neovascular membranes (CNM). From this patients, 62 were treated between 2001-2005 for CMN of different etiology: age-related macular degeneration (AMD), myopia, presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, angioid streaks, viteliform dystrophy.

A two-compartment model of the human retina.

Purpose: In this article we question a basic concept in retinal pathology, which views the retina as composed primarily of neural elements, in a single compartment.

Methods: We suggest an alternative approach, centering on the epithelial-glial elements of the retina, dividing the retina into two distinct compartments. The framework of these two compartments is composed of two epithelial-like monostratified cell layers facing each other by their apical surfaces.