Analysis of the quadruple lsu mutant reveals molecular determinants of the role of LSU proteins in sulfur assimilation in Arabidopsis.

Because plants are immobile, they have developed intricate mechanisms to sense and absorb nutrients, adjusting their growth and development accordingly. Sulfur is an essential macroelement, but our understanding of its metabolism and homeostasis is limited. LSU (RESPONSE TO LOW SULFUR) proteins are plant-specific proteins with unknown molecular functions and were first identified during transcriptomic studies on sulfur deficiency in Arabidopsis.

LSU family members and NBR1 are novel factors that contribute to homeostasis of catalases and peroxisomes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The short coiled-coil LSU (RESPONSE TO LOW SULFUR) proteins are linked to sulfur metabolism and have numerous protein partners. However, most of these partners lack direct links to sulfur metabolism, and the role of such interactions remains elusive. Here, we confirmed LSU binding to Arabidopsis catalase (CAT) and revealed that NBR1, a selective autophagy receptor, strongly interacts with LSU1 but not with CAT.

L-gulono-γ-lactone Oxidase, the Key Enzyme for L-Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis.

L-ascorbic acid (AsA, vitamin C) plays a vital role in preventing various diseases, particularly scurvy. AsA is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect against reactive oxygen species generated from metabolic activities; however, at high doses, it may exhibit pro-oxidative effects. The final step in AsA biosynthesis is catalyzed by L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase (GULO).

Wartime penetrating traumatic brain injury of the anterior skull base involving the paranasal sinuses: a single-center, first-year experience from Dnipro, Ukraine.

Objective: Since February 2022, the number of casualties in the Russian-Ukrainian war have dramatically increased, with a high incidence of penetrating traumatic brain injuries (pTBIs). To date, there has been limited evaluation of pTBI of the anterior skull base involving the paranasal sinuses. The objective of this study was to highlight the authors' experience with this injury pattern and identify specific factors associated with favorable short-term (1-month) outcome and survival.

Recombinant C-Terminal Catalytic Domain of Rat L-Gulono Lactone Oxidase Produced in Bacterial Cells Is Enzymatically Active.

The L-gulonolactone oxidase enzyme (GULO) catalyzes the last step of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) biosynthesis. This enzymatic activity is lost in primates. The full-length rat GULO has been previously produced in plants and demonstrated to be active.

Early Challenges in the Implementation of Automated CranialRebuild Freeware for Generation of Patient-Specific Cranial Implant Using Additive Manufacturing: A Pilot Project in Review.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a significant global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where access to medical resources is limited. Decompressive craniectomy (DHC) is a common procedure to alleviate elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) following TBI, but the cost of subsequent cranioplasty can be prohibitive, especially in resource-constrained settings. We describe challenges encountered during the beta-testing phase of CranialRebuild 1.

Wartime penetrating skull base trauma with unpredictable internal fragment ricochet and migration: illustrative case.

Background: Transnasal transsphenoidal penetrating craniocerebral injury is very rare even in wartime. Cases with good outcomes are even less common.

Observations: A 20-year-old male sustained multiple fragment wounds to his head and face from a landmine explosion.

Sulfate Availability and Hormonal Signaling in the Coordination of Plant Growth and Development.

Sulfur (S), one of the crucial macronutrients, plays a pivotal role in fundamental plant processes and the regulation of diverse metabolic pathways. Additionally, it has a major function in plant protection against adverse conditions by enhancing tolerance, often interacting with other molecules to counteract stresses. Despite its significance, a thorough comprehension of how plants regulate S nutrition and particularly the involvement of phytohormones in this process remains elusive.

Generation and characterization of single and multigene Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in LSU1-4 (RESPONSE TO LOW SULFUR) genes.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, there are four members of the LSU (RESPONSE TO LOW SULFUR) gene family which are tandemly located on chromosomes 3 (LSU1 and LSU3) and 5 (LSU2 and LSU4). The LSU proteins are small, with coiled-coil structures, and they are able to form homo- and heterodimers. LSUs are involved in plant responses to environmental challenges, such as sulfur deficiency, and plant immune responses.

Incidence and management of traumatic vertebral artery injuries: wartime experience in Ukraine.

Objective: Modern combat-related vertebral artery (VA) injuries are increasingly being diagnosed, but the management of such injuries remains controversial. The authors report the frequency and characteristics of combat-related penetrating VA injuries and the indications for endovascular treatment, as well as analyze their treatment outcomes.

Methods: A 1-year prospective study was completed at a civilian medical center in Dnipro, Ukraine, in all patients with VA injuries sustained during the Russian invasion in the 1st year of war.

The C-Terminal Region of SLIM1 Transcription Factor Is Required for Sulfur Deficiency Response.

Sulfur LIMitation1 (SLIM1) transcription factor coordinates gene expression in plants in response to sulfur deficiency (-S). SLIM1 belongs to the family of plant-specific EIL transcription factors with EIN3 and EIL1, which regulate the ethylene-responsive gene expression. The EIL domains consist of DNA binding and dimerization domains highly conserved among EIL family members, while the N- and C-terminal regions are structurally variable and postulated to have regulatory roles in this protein family, such that the EIN3 C-terminal region is essential for its ethylene-responsive activation.

The SLIM1 transcription factor affects sugar signaling during sulfur deficiency in Arabidopsis.

The homeostasis of major macronutrient metabolism needs to be tightly regulated, especially when the availability of one or more nutrients fluctuates in the environment. Both sulfur metabolism and glucose signaling are important processes throughout plant growth and development, as well as during stress responses. Still, very little is known about how these processes affect each other, although they are positively connected.

Diagnosis of COVID-19 using chest X-ray images based on modified DarkCovidNet model.

Coronavirus disease, also known as COVID-19, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. It has a direct impact on the upper and lower respiratory tract and threatened the health of many people around the world. The latest statistics show that the number of people diagnosed with COVID-19 is growing exponentially.

PREDICTION OF STAGED SURGICAL TREATMENT OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH CONCOMITANT CAROTID AND CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC ARTERIAL DISEASE.

Objective - to assess the impact of perioperative factors on the treatment response in patients with concomitant carotid and coronary atherosclerotic arterial disease who underwent the first stage of revascularization and to build an outcome prediction model based on those factors.The prediction models were based on treatment outcomes in 204 patients with concomitant coronary and carotid atherosclerotic arterial disease, who are subject to surgical revascularization of both vascular beds and who underwent the first stage of treatment.The treatment outcomes were individually influenced by both preoperative factors [limb movement disorders, 0.

POST-TRAUMATIC HEADACHE. CURRENT VIEWS ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SPECIFICS (REVIEW).

Headache after craniocerebral injury is an urgent problem due to its frequent occurrence, tendency towards chronization, and strong patient disadaptation effect. Despite the significant incidence of post-traumatic headache (the PTHA) and related socioeconomic factors, many fundamental aspects of this problem have not been considered adequately. Therefore, the aim of our review is to highlight key points regarding the pathogenetic mechanisms of development, key clinical features, and strategies for optimal management of PTHA.

Control of ABA Signaling and Crosstalk with Other Hormones by the Selective Degradation of Pathway Components.

A rapid and appropriate genetic and metabolic acclimation, which is crucial for plants' survival in a changing environment, is maintained due to the coordinated action of plant hormones and cellular degradation mechanisms influencing proteostasis. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) rapidly accumulates in plants in response to environmental stress and plays a pivotal role in the reaction to various stimuli. Increasing evidence demonstrates a significant role of autophagy in controlling ABA signaling.

Similar but Not Identical-Binding Properties of LSU (Response to Low Sulfur) Proteins From .

Members of the plant-specific LSU (RESPONSE TO LOW SULFUR) family are strongly induced during sulfur starvation. The molecular functions of these proteins are unknown; however, they were identified as important stress-related hubs in several studies. In , there are four members of the LSU family (LSU1-4).

CRANIAL NERVE HYPERFUNCTION SYNDROMES. MODERN APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT (REVIEW).

In this article, we reviewed neurovascular conflicts of most cranial nerves with characteristic clinical syndromes and analyzed preferred treatment strategies, including surgical methods. We conducted literature review using the Pubmed database, selecting articles on cranial nerves compression syndromes, published for 10 years (from 2010 to 2020). The analysis covered all articles with information on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical findings, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, neuroimaging, and pathomorphological assessment, as well as treatment strategies for such pathology, including surgical methods.

RESULTS OF BRAIN INJURY PRIMARY SURGICAL TREATMENT IN A COMPLEX CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH COMBAT-RELATED PENETRATING CRANIOCEREBRAL GUNSHOT WOUND AT A SPECIALIZED MEDICAL FACILITY.

The aim of the study is to justify the "balanced" approach to brain debridement (BD) in surgical treatment of combat-related penetrating craniocerebral gunshot wound (PCGW) patients and assess immediate and long-term treatment results. The analysis of applied surgical BD techniques was performed in PCGW military personnel with admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 4 or above. The study included 81 injured patients.