Closed-system solid surface vitrification versus slow programmable freezing of mouse 2-cell embryos.

Purpose: To compare closed-system solid surface vitrification with slow freezing.

Methods: Mouse 2-cell embryos (n = 348) were divided into vitrification, slow freezing and non-frozen groups. For vitrification, embryos were exposed to 10% ethylene glycol (EG), 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 10 min, then transferred into 17.

Rapid freezing versus slow programmable freezing of human spermatozoa.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of rapid freezing (RF) and slow programmable freezing (SPF) of human spermatozoa.

Design: Experimental study.

Setting: University-based assisted conception laboratory.