The impact of same-day and rapid ART initiation under the Universal Health Coverage programme on HIV outcomes in Thailand: a retrospective real-life cohort study.

Introduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, regardless of CD4 count, has been recommended in Thailand since 2014, with same-day initiation recommended since 2021. We assessed HIV treatment outcomes among Thai people living with HIV (PLHIV) by the time from HIV diagnosis to ART initiation under the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) programme and identified factors associated with virological failure (VF).

Methods: PLHIV aged ≥15 years initiating ART between 2014 and 2022 were included from the UHC database.

Treatment Outcomes After Switching to Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy: Results From the Thai National Treatment Program.

This study aimed to assess second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes in a National HIV Treatment program. People living with HIV aged ≥18 years initiating first-line ART who switched to second-line protease inhibitor-based regimens from January 2008 to May 2019, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were studied. The primary outcome was second-line treatment failure (two consecutive virological failure episodes (viral load ≥1000 copies/mL)).

The effects of bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on high-risk anogenital HPV infection among sexually active female adolescents with and without perinatally acquired HIV.

Background: Females with perinatal HIV (PHIV) infection are at elevated risk for anogenital high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Limited data are available around the effect of the HPV vaccination after initiation of sexual activity among PHIV youth. This study aims to assess the impact of a bivalent HPV vaccination on the persistence of anogenital HR-HPV among sexually active female PHIV youth and matched HIV-negative controls aged 12-24years in Thailand and Vietnam.

Long-term outcomes of rapid antiretroviral NNRTI-based initiation among Thai youth living with HIV: a national registry database study.

Introduction: The Thai National AIDS programme (NAP) treatment guidelines have recommended rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, regardless of CD4 count since 2014. We assessed treatment outcomes among youth living with HIV (YLHIV), initiating first-line ART and assessed the association between virological failure (VF) and timing of ART initiation.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data for YLHIV aged 15-24 years, initiating non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based ART from 2014 to 2019, through the NAP database.

Factors Associated with Morbidity and Mortality Among Sexually Active Asian Adolescents and Young Adults with Perinatally Acquired HIV.

We assessed morbidity and mortality among Thai and Vietnamese adolescents and young adults with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) compared with matched HIV-negative peers, 12-24 years of age. Data on serious adverse events (SAEs) were prospectively collected between 2013 and 2018 according to U.S.

Virological failure and treatment switch after ART initiation among people living with HIV with and without routine viral load monitoring in Asia.

Introduction: Viral load (VL) testing is still challenging to monitor treatment responses of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV treatment programme in Asia. We assessed the association between routine VL testing and virological failure (VF) and determine factors associated with switching to second-line regimen.

Methods: Among 21 sites from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD), people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged ≥18 years initiating ART from 2003 to 2021 were included.

Incidence and Clearance of Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in 16 164 Individuals, According to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, Sex, and Male Sexuality: An International Pooled Analysis of 34 Longitudinal Studies.

Background: Understanding the natural history of anal high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is key for designing anal cancer prevention programs but has not been systematically characterized.

Methods: We reanalyzed data from 34 studies including 16 164 individuals in 6 risk groups defined by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, sex, and male sexuality: men who have sex with men (MSM) and people with HIV (MSMWH), HIV-negative MSM, women with HIV (WWH), HIV-negative women, men who have sex with women (MSW) with HIV (MSWWH), and HIV-negative MSW. We used Markov models to estimate incidence and clearance of 13 hrHPV types and their determinants.

Clinical outcomes of pediatric COVID-19 in a tertiary care center in Bangkok, Thailand.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric COVID-19 in Thailand, where favipiravir is the mainstay of antiviral treatment.

Methods: We conducted a hospital based observational cohort study of COVID-19 among children. The study included children (age <15 years) with confirmed positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swab.

Increased Burden of Concordant and Sequential Anogenital Human Papillomavirus Infections Among Asian Young Adult Women With Perinatally Acquired HIV Compared With HIV-Negative Peers.

Background: Youth with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV) are at higher risk for anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Methods: We enrolled a cohort of YPHIV and HIV-negative youth in Thailand and Vietnam, matched by age and lifetime sex partners, and followed them up for 144 weeks (to 2017). Participants had annual pelvic examinations with samples taken for HPV genotyping.

Incidence, Persistence, and Factors Associated With HPV Infection Among Male Adolescents With and Without Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection.

Background: Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) has been shown to be more prevalent and persistent in female adolescents with HIV. However, data among male adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) are limited.

Setting: We investigated the incidence and persistence of HR-HPV in anogenital compartments and associated factors among PHIV in comparison to HIV-uninfected (HU) male adolescents in Thailand.

Rapid antiretroviral initiation among Thai youth living with HIV in the National AIDS programme in the era of treatment at any CD4 cell count: a national registry database study.

Introduction: The process indicators of ending the HIV epidemic include 90% of people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The population of youth, however, has less access to healthcare. We assessed ART initiation and attrition outcomes of the HIV continuum from HIV diagnosis to ART initiation in youth living with HIV (YLHIV) and factors associated with ART initiation.

Impact of low-level viraemia on virological failure among Asian children with perinatally acquired HIV on first-line combination antiretroviral treatment: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: The clinical relevance of low-level viraemia (LLV) and virological outcomes among children living with HIV (CLHIV) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the impact of LLV on virological failure (VF) among Asian CLHIV on first-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Methods: CLHIV aged <18 years, who were on first-line cART for ≥12 months, and had virological suppression (two consecutive plasma viral load [pVL] <50 copies/mL) were included.

Prevalence of High-risk Nonavalent Vaccine-type Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Unvaccinated, Sexually Active Asian Female Adolescents With and Without Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection.

Background: We studied the prevalence of 7, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types in the nonavalent vaccine (HRVT-7: HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58) among vaccine-naïve, sexually active Asian female adolescents with and without perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIV).

Methods: PHIV female adolescents 12-24 years of age and HIV-uninfected controls matched by age and number of lifetime sex partners were enrolled in a 3-year observational cohort study in Thailand and Vietnam. Samples from the oral cavity, anus, cervix and vagina were collected for HRVT-7 HPV genotyping, and serum collected for HPV 16 and 18 antibody testing.

Incidence and Persistence of High-risk Anogenital Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Female Youth With and Without Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodefiency Virus Infection: A 3-year Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Female youth with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) may be at higher risk than uninfected youth for persistent anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, due to prolonged immunodeficiency.

Methods: A 3-year cohort study was conducted between 2013 and 2017 among Thai and Vietnamese PHIV and HIV-uninfected females 12-24 years, matched by age group and number of lifetime sexual partners. For HPV genotyping, cervical and anal samples were obtained at baseline and annually.

Peritransition Outcomes of Southeast Asian Adolescents and Young Adults With HIV Transferring From Pediatric to Adult Care.

Purpose: The aim of this article was to study the clinical and social outcomes of health care transition among Asian adolescents and young adults with HIV (AYHIV).

Methods: AYHIV who transferred from a pediatric to an adult clinic within the past year across five sites in Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam had clinical and laboratory evaluations and completed questionnaires about their health, socioeconomic factors, and transition experiences. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess associations with HIV viremia.

Determinants of Viral Resuppression or Persistent Virologic Failure After Initial Failure With Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Among Asian Children and Adolescents With HIV.

Of 56 children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had been prescribed second-line protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy and had ≥1 previous episode of viral failure (HIV RNA, ≥1000 copies/mL), 46% had ≥1, 34% had ≥2, and 23% had ≥3 consecutive episodes of viral failure during the 2 years of follow-up. Two of these children experienced a major protease inhibitor mutation.

A Longitudinal Study of Behavioral Risk, Adherence, and Virologic Control in Adolescents Living With HIV in Asia.

Background: Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) have poorer adherence and clinical outcomes than adults. We conducted a study to assess behavioral risks and antiretroviral therapy outcomes among ALHIV in Asia.

Methods: A prospective cohort study among ALHIV and matched HIV-uninfected controls aged 12-18 years was conducted at 9 sites in Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam from July 2013 to March 2017.

Attrition and treatment outcomes among adolescents and youths living with HIV in the Thai National AIDS Program.

Background: There are limited data describing the care outcome of youth living with HIV in Asia. We assessed attrition and treatment outcomes among youths with behaviourly acquired HIV (BIY) and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (PIY) who initiated antiretroviral treatment (ART) through the National AIDS Program (NAP) in Thailand.

Methods: People living with HIV aged 10-24 years who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2008 to 2013 through the Thai NAP and who were followed up until 2014 were included in the analysis.

Loss to follow-up and associated factors of patients in the National AIDS Program in Thailand.

Background: Loss to follow-up (LTFU) is a crucial indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of HIV care and treatment programmes. We assessed the LTFU rate and associated factors of Thai HIV-infected patients who enrolled in the National AIDS Program (NAP) for two periods: prior to (pre-ART) and after starting ART (ART-patients).

Methods: Thai HIV patients aged ≥15 years enrolled in NAP from 2008 to 2014.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy, stigma and behavioral risk factors in HIV-infected adolescents in Asia.

We studied behavioral risks among HIV-infected and uninfected adolescents using an audio computer-assisted self-interview. A prospective cohort study was initiated between 2013 and 2014 in Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. HIV-infected adolescents were matched to uninfected adolescents (4:1) by sex and age group (12-14 and 15-18 years).

The challenges of ending AIDS in Asia: outcomes of the Thai National AIDS Universal Coverage Programme, 2000-2014.

Objectives: We sought to determine Thai National AIDS Program (NAP) outcomes and gaps, and success in reaching the WHO 90:90:90 goals.

Methods: Retrospective study of treatment outcomes, mortality and loss to follow-up (LTFU), of all individuals aged >15 years who registered to the NAP from 2000 to 2014. We focused outcomes on data from 2008 when the NAP was linked to the death registry.

Brief Report: Lopinavir Hair Concentrations Are the Strongest Predictor of Viremia in HIV-Infected Asian Children and Adolescents on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: Children/adolescents display suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and outcomes versus adults. Hair ART concentrations are objective adherence measures that predict viremia in adults but longitudinal data on hair levels in pediatric populations is limited. We assessed the predictive utility of hair lopinavir (LPV) levels on viremia among youth on second-line ART.

Patients with HIV and coronary disease: are we meeting national guidelines?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has a higher incidence in patients with HIV infection. This study sought to determine whether HIV-infected patients with established CVD were being managed according to national guidelines. Data were collected from Australian general practitioners for 77 HIV-infected patients with a median age of 59 (range 54-64).