Management of cloacal exstrophy: Experience from tertiary hospital, Tanzania. Case series.

Introduction And Importance: Cloacal exstrophy (CE) is defined as a complex anomaly that affects the urogenital and intestinal tracts. It is the most serious form of anomaly that is described within the so-called exstrophy-epispadias complex. These malformations usually present a challenge in the management of particular conditions, as most of these forms require multiple surgeries, resulting in the use of multidisciplinary approaches, including reconstructive urologists, pediatric surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, endocrinologists, pediatricians, psychologists and nutritionists.

Favorable outcome of open partial cystectomy for muscle-invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: A case report and literature review.

Key Clinical Message: The "gold standard" treatment for Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is radical cystectomy and different management approaches that combine chemotherapy and radiation in a neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting have been attempted with varying degrees of effectiveness. For certain individuals, partial cystectomy offers sufficient local control for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Lifelong follow-up with cystoscopy is advised due to the possibility of potentially fatal late recurrence.

Isolated testicular tuberculosis mimicking testicular malignancy in a 45-year-old male treated at a tertiary hospital. Case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Tuberculosis is prevalent in African countries especially in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV/AIDS is common. While Testicular tuberculosis is uncommon in the young as well as the elderly, pulmonary tuberculosis is commonly observed in these populations. History, physical examination, scrotal ultrasonography, and fine needle biopsy are important in diagnosis of suspected cases of testicular tuberculosis.