Removals of pharmaceutical compounds at different sludge particle size fractions in membrane bioreactors operated under different solid retention times.

Removals of 10 pharmaceutical compounds by microbial sludge in membrane bioreactors (MBR) operated under infinite and limited solid retention time (SRT) were investigated. High removal (>80%) of DCF, TMP, NPX, IBP, and TCS were achieved but CBZ removals were low (<20%). The residual pharmaceutical compounds leftover from the biodegradation in different sludge particle size fractions was quantified through physical separation and filtration in series.

Evaluation of treated sewage reuse potential and membrane-based water reuse technology for the Bangkok Metropolitan area.

Only 3.4% of total water use in the Bangkok Metropolitan area is reused treated sewage. This study anticipates that further treated-sewage reuse in industrial sectors, commercial buildings and public parks, in addition to present in-plant and street cleaning purposes, would increase total water reuse to about 10%.