A study on light transmittance through red protective shields modified with different window films.

Objectives/aims: This study aimed to improve effectiveness of red protective shields in filtering unwanted light using window films.

Materials And Methods: Red protective shields were modified by placing V-Kool (VK), Scotchtint (ST) or Hüper Optik (HP) window films on both sides. Percentage transmittance (%T) of light with a wavelength of 190-990 nm was determined using a double-beam ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectrophotometer.

Knowledge of human papillomavirus and its association with head and neck benign and malignant lesions in a group of dental patients in pakistan.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) remain a serious world health problem due to their association with cervical and head and neck cancers. While over 100 HPV types have been identified, only a few subtypes are associated with malignancies. HPV 16 and 18 are the most prevalent oncogenic types in head and neck cancers.

Detection of human papillomavirus in normal oral cavity in a group of Pakistani subjects using real-time PCR.

Since there is evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) may play some role in oral carcinogenesis, we investigated the presence of HPV in a group of Pakistani subjects with normal oral cavity using real-time PCR analysis. Two-hundred patients attending the Dental Department, Sandaman Provincial Hospital, Balochistan, Pakistan, were recruited. After interview, oral epithelial cells were collected by scraping and subjected to DNA extraction.