Exploring the Discrepancy Between Subjective and Objective Measures of Executive Functions in Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated with executive dysfunction in long-term survivorship. This is evidenced by subjective and objective measures of executive functions (EFs). However, the two measures do not always align, and the EF discrepancy in this population is understudied.

Food Avoidance and Aversive Goal Value Computation in Anorexia Nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with food restriction and significantly low body weight, but the neurobiology of food avoidance in AN is unknown. Animal research suggests that food avoidance can be triggered by conditioned fear that engages the anterior cingulate and nucleus accumbens. We hypothesized that the neural activation during food avoidance in AN could be modeled based on aversive goal value processing.

Cognitive remediation therapy for patients with eating disorders: a qualitative study.

Background: Transdiagnostic Cognitive Remediation Therapy (TCRT) is a new adaptation of cognitive remediation therapy for eating disorders (EDs) developed to address common cognitive difficulties across ED diagnoses (i.e., cognitive flexibility, central coherence, and impulsivity).

Neurocognitive outcome and associated factors in long-term, adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, treated without cranial radiation therapy.

Objective: There is limited research on neurocognitive outcome and associated risk factors in long-term, adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), without treatment of cranial radiation therapy. Moreover, the impact of fatigue severity and pain interference on neurocognition has received little attention. In this cross-sectional study, we examined neurocognitive outcome and associated factors in this population.

Cognitive and behavioural rehabilitation interventions for survivors of childhood cancer with neurocognitive sequelae: A systematic review.

There is considerable interest in cognitive and behavioural interventions to manage and improve neurocognitive (dys)functions in childhood cancer survivors and the literature is rapidly growing. This systematic review aimed to examine the literature of such interventions and their impact on executive functions (EFs) and attention. A search of relevant manuscripts was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science in March 2023 in accordance with the PRISMA statement.

Association of anxiety and depression to headache, abdominal- and musculoskeletal pain in children.

The comorbidity between recurrent pain, anxiety, and depression among children is frequent and well documented. However, only a few studies of the predictive effect of anxiety and depression on pain have adjusted for symptoms of the other disorder when examining the respective relations to different pain locations, rendering the unique contribution from anxiety and depression undetermined. In the current investigation we explore the strength of associations between pain at different locations with symptoms of anxiety and depression in a community sample of 10-year-old children ( = 703).

Neurocognitive function and associations with mental health in adults born preterm with very low birthweight or small for gestational age at term.

Objectives: To assess neurocognitive function in adults born with low birthweight compared with controls and to explore associations between neurocognitive function and psychopathology in these groups.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, one group born preterm with very low birthweight (VLBW: birthweight <1,500 ,  = 53), one group born small for gestational age at term (SGA: birthweight <10th percentile,  = 63) and one term-born control group (birthweight ≥10th percentile,  = 81) were assessed with neurocognitive tests, diagnostic interviews, and self-report questionnaires at 26 years of age.

Results: The VLBW group scored significantly below the control group on several neurocognitive measures, including IQ measures, psychomotor speed, verbal fluency, aspects of visual learning and memory, attention, social cognition, working memory and fine motor speed.

The effect of high-intensity interval training on cognitive function in patients with substance use disorder: Study protocol for a two-armed randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Substance use disorder (SUD) is characterized by cognitive impairment, especially executive dysfunction. Executive function is recognized as an important determinant of treatment outcome as it is associated with dropout rate, attendance to therapy and potential relapse after treatment termination. Physical activity can have beneficial effects on cognitive function, but there is still a lack of knowledge regarding potential benefits of aerobic exercise for executive function in SUD treatment.

Atypical brain structure mediates reduced IQ in young adults born preterm with very low birth weight.

Preterm birth with very low birth weight (VLBW) confers heightened risk for perinatal brain injury and long-term cognitive deficits, including a reduction in IQ of up to one standard deviation. Persisting gray and white matter aberrations have been documented well into adolescence and adulthood in preterm born individuals. What has not been documented so far is a plausible causal link between reductions in cortical surface area or subcortical brain structure volumes, and the observed reduction in IQ.

Cognitive Rehabilitation for Neurocognitive Late Effects in Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Feasibility and Case-Series Study.

Neurocognitive late effects following the diagnosis and treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) commonly include impaired executive functions (EFs), with negative consequences for one's health-related quality of life and mental health. However, interventions for EF impairments are scarce. Thus, the aims of this study were to (1) explore the feasibility and acceptability of the cognitive rehabilitation program Goal Management Training (GMT) and (2) examine whether GMT is associated with positive outcomes across cases of ALL survivors with EF complaints.

The outcome at follow-up after inpatient eating disorder treatment: a naturalistic study.

Background: Patients with eating disorders may experience a severe and enduring course of illness. Treatment outcome for patients provided with inpatient treatment is reported as poor. Research to date has not provided consistent results for predictors of treatment outcome.

Neurocognitive Outcome and Compensating Possibilities in Children and Adolescents Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With Chemotherapy Only.

To examine the neurocognitive outcomes in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in remission who were treated with systemic chemotherapy only (CTO). Neurocognitive performances in 36 children and adolescents, aged 8.4-15.

Increased frontal electroencephalogram theta amplitude in patients with anorexia nervosa compared to healthy controls.

Objective: To conduct a blind study of quantitative electroencephalogram-band amplitudes in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and healthy controls.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with AN and 24 controls were examined with eyes-closed 16-channel electroencephalogram. Main variables were absolute alpha, theta, and delta amplitudes in frontal, temporal, and posterior regions.

Central Coherence, Visuoconstruction and Visual Memory in Patients with Eating Disorders as Measured by Different Scoring Methods of the Rey Complex Figure Test.

Objective: The aims of this study were to examine the performance of eating disorder (ED) patients on the Rey Complex Figure Test and to investigate the validity of the Q-score as a new method for measuring central coherence (CC).

Method: Forty-one patients with anorexia nervosa, 40 patients with bulimia nervosa and 40 healthy controls completed the Rey Complex Figure Test, which was scored both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Results: Both ED groups scored lower than the healthy controls on copy, recall and the Q-score.

Neuropsychological function in patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

Objective: This study explored the neuropsychological performance of patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) compared with healthy controls (HCs). An additional aim was to investigate the effect of several possible mediators on the association between eating disorders (EDs) and cognitive function.

Method: Forty patients with AN, 39 patients with BN, and 40 HCs who were comparable in age and education were consecutively recruited to complete a standardized neuropsychological test battery covering the following cognitive domains: verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, speed of information processing, visuospatial ability, working memory, executive function, verbal fluency, attention/vigilance, and motor function.

Intellectual function in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Objective: This study aimed to examine cognitive function in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) on the basis of IQ measures, indexes and subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition (WAIS-III).

Methods: A total of 41 patients with AN, 40 patients with BN and 40 healthy controls (HC), matched for sex, age and education, were recruited consecutively to complete the WAIS-III.

Results: The AN group showed a significantly lower performance than the HC group on most global measures and on eight of the 13 administered subtests.