WHO Surgical Safety Checklist and Anesthesia Equipment Checklist efficacy in war-affected low-resource settings: a prospective two-arm multicenter study.

Introduction: The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused huge damage to all medical infrastructure and impairs patient safety. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of implementation of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist and Anesthesia Equipment Checklist on patient outcomes and adherence to safety standards in low-resource settings, affected by an ongoing war.

Material And Methods: A prospective multicenter study was conducted in 6 large Ukrainian hospitals.

Critical incidents during anesthesia: prospective audit.

Background: Critical incident reporting and analysis is one of the key components of patient safety in anesthesiology. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and characteristics of critical incidents during anesthesia, main causes and factors involved, influence on patient outcomes, prevalence of incident reporting and further analysis.

Methods: A multicenter prospective audit was conducted at the clinical departments of the Bogomolets National Medical University during the period from 1 to 2021 to 1 December 2021.

[Significance of risk groups in pediatric phthisiology].

Detailed analysis of risk factors in 161 children with pulmonary tuberculosis has established that tuberculosis risk-group children are ill in most cases (82.6%). Examining the results of annual tuberculin diagnosis in 2478 children aged 1 to 14 years in a children's city polyclinic could ascertain that the most risk groups comprise children with a conversion of tuberculin tests (5.

Statistical analysis of structural and kinetic characteristics of fungal colony growth with Trichoderma viride PERS.: S.F. Gray.

The mycelial colonies of Trichoderma viride were grown between two thin cellophane films for exact measurements. The results obtained testify to the fact that in a mature colony the average length of intercalary cells, the average number of intercalary cells in an internode and the average internode length are stable. At this stage of morphogenesis the mean internode length is shown to be equal to the product of the average intercalary cell length and the average number of intercalary cells in an internode.

[Significance of a children's tuberculosis sanatorium].

The paper analyzes a contingent of children and adolescents from a tuberculous sanatorium in 2000-2002. It was established that the children and adolescents with local forms of tuberculosis amounted to 14.5%, the children with a variety of tuberculin reactions were 33.

[Infection of children with tuberculosis and the nature of tuberculin sensitivity in the infected].

In the Kharkov Region, the rate of tuberculosis infection in children was 28.8%; among them children with a curve of tuberculin reactions was 3.8%; most of them had a moderate sensitivity to tuberculin.

[Risk factors for infection and catching tuberculosis in adolescents in relation to the epidemic risk of a tuberculous focus].

Examination of risk factors of infection and falling ill with tuberculosis in 453 adolescents who had different contacts with patients with tuberculosis (a study group) and 246 from the healthy environment (a control group) has ascertained that adolescents living in death foci fell ill with tuberculosis 6 times as frequent as the controls (18.2 versus 3.3%) and 3 times as frequent as other subgroups.

[Diagnostic value of immuno-hormonal relationships in adolescents in early primary tuberculosis infection].

The immunological and hormonal links of homeostasis and the pattern of their relationships were studied in 137 adolescents with early primary tuberculous infection (EPTI) and 79 adolescents uninfected with tuberculosis (control). There was a significant increase in the specific functional activity of T lymphocytes and a reduction in their nonspecific functional activity as compared with the controls, as well as an elevation of the levels of thyroxine, cortisol, and insulin. In EPTI, there was an unbalanced enhancement of the activity of cortisol and insulin with the relative deficiency of the latter, which is indicative of overstrain of nonspecific adaptation reactions.

[Impact of cytomegalovirus infection on the course of tuberculosis in children and adolescents].

Sixty-five children and adolescents with respiratory tuberculosis were examined to determine the proportion of cytomegalovirus infection among patients with tuberculosis and its impact on the occurrence and course of different forms of tuberculosis. The number of children and adolescents infected with cytomegalovirus among the patients with respiratory tuberculosis (66.2%) was found to be three times more than that among those not infected with tuberculosis (21.

[Specific features of tuberculosis in infants].

Examining active tuberculosis in 38 infants has established the following features: the disease is characterized by predominantly (71%) classical forms of primary tuberculosis; moreover, a primary tuberculosis complex is more common (41.7%) than tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (26.3%); by complicated tuberculosis in more than a third of the infants, by extrapulmonary tuberculosis in 23.

[Genetic aspects of tuberculous infection in adolescents].

Comparative study of the distribution of antigens of HLA-A, B, and C, as well as somato- and phenotype in 234 adolescents has revealed that HLA-A11 and HLA-B12 antigens may indicate a predisposition to tuberculosis and HLA-A28, HLA-B8, and HLA-B51 antigens are involved in its prevention. It has been found that there is predominance of persons having severe forms of somatotype (dolychobrachymorphic) and that there is also a high phenotype stigmatization in adolescents with different manifestations of tuberculous infection.

[Clinical and x-ray characteristics of respiratory diseases in children].

Clinical and X-ray characteristics were studied in 102 children with first detected active respiratory tuberculosis. The patients with intrathoracic lymph nodal tuberculosis were 39.2%, those with a primary complex, tuberculosis pleurisy, disseminated tuberculosis, infiltrative tuberculosis, and focal tuberculosis, 33.

[Immunological reactivity in adolescents with different manifestations of tuberculosis infection].

Immunological reactivity was investigated in 306 tuberculosis adolescents aged 13-18 years: 117 with a turn of the tuberculin reactions, 20 with tuberculosis running for more than 2 years in the presence of aggravating factors, 57 with active tuberculosis of the respiratory organs, 15 with attenuating active tuberculosis, 36 with clinically cured tuberculosis. 79 noninfected adolescents served control. Immunological reactivity was altered more appreciably and often (nonspecific declined but specific enhanced) in active tuberculosis, less significantly in cured tuberculosis.

[Clinical, immunological and psychiatric characteristics of tuberculosis infection initial period in adolescents].

Variability of tuberculin reactions in adolescents may be represented by changes of a negative tuberculin test to a positive or false one, then to a positive test. Adolescents primarily infected with tuberculosis have predisposing factors: inadequate immunoprophylaxis contact with tuberculosis patients, discord in physical development, hyperergic sensitivity to tuberculin, which can determine a further course of tuberculosis infection. The variability of tuberculin reactions in adolescents is characterized by changed immunological responsiveness as higher immunospecific parameters and lower nonspecific responsiveness parameters, as well as decreased attention; there is a trend for frequent development of primary infection in persons having character accentuation.

[Tuberculosis infection among teenagers].

Infection with tuberculosis was studied in 3509 adolescents aged 15 years from various social groups via twice BCG revaccination by analyzing the responses to Mantoux tests with 2 TU of tuberculin purified protein derivative and by following them up for 3 years with an annual examination of the same group. The rates of infection among the teenagers was found to be 32.1% and higher (58.

[The clinico-functional status of patients with unstable stenocardia (based on Holter electrocardiographic monitoring data)].

As many as 50 patients presenting with unstable angina were examined for clinicofunctional status, using bicycle ergometry [correction of veloergometry], transesophageal electrocardiostimulation and 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring during 1-yr follow-up. The results of exercise tests at enrollment into the study suggested a dramatic decrement in the patients' exercise tolerance, as to Holter, with the painless myocardial ischemia tending to be more common among them than the painful one. A follow-up study a year later showed the course of the illness to be most variable among those cases presenting with unstable angina.

[The structure of the ventricular arrhythmias in patients in the first 24 hours of a myocardial infarct].

Therapeutic interventions policy and efficiency rely on whether one succeeds in identifying accurately and in timely fashion the nature of ventricular arrhythmia which is frequently a primary manifestation of acute coronary disaster. With the view to studying cardiac arrhythmias in 85 patients with acute large size myocardial infarction admitted within 12 hours of the condition development. 24 h Holter monitoring was instituted.

[The intracardiac laser irradiation of the blood in correcting left ventricular dysfunction in progressive stenocardia].

The authors studied the effect of intracardiac irradiation of blood with a low intensity Helium-Neon laser on the pumping function of left ventricle in 73 patients with progressive angina pectoris. 47 patients underwent a course of laser hemotherapy while being given medicamentous therapy, the remaining 26 received nitrates, calcium antagonists and analgesics. Employment of laser light irradiation was associated with more satisfactory clinical effect than that in patients who had not had the procedure.

[The initial experience of using fraxiparin in extracorporeal detoxication in clinical cardiology].

Procedures, connected with extracorporal blood circulation--hemodialysis, hemosorption and plasmapheresis--were used in complex of treatment in 30 patients with various cardiovascular diseases. As an anticoagulant in 8 patients was used the preparation of low molecular heparine (Fraxiparine) produced by "Sanofi" (France) firm, and in 22-heparin, produced by "Polfa" (Poland). Ascertained advantages of Fraxiparine versus heparin were: possibility of single injection of preparation, the reducing of total dose magnitude, which is needed for one curative act conduction, lowering by 70% approximately the hemorrhagic complications rate.

[The complex assessment of myocardial electrical instability in exacerbated ischemic heart disease].

Risk of sudden coronary death in patients with unstable stenocardia is studied insufficiently. 39 patients with unstable stenocardia underwent Holter's monitoring, loading tests and invasive programmed ventricular stimulation coming lately into increasingly wide use for assessment of myocardial electric stability. Programmed stimulation allowed to single out two groups of patients: with ventricular tachycardia (56.

[The effect of ultraviolet-irradiated blood on the factors determining an unfavorable prognosis in patients with progressive stenocardia].

Effect of autohemotransfusions of ultraviolet-irradiated blood (UVIB) on ventricular arrhythmias and electric stability of myocardium were studied in 85 patients with advancing stenocardia. Bicycle ergometry [correction of Veloergometry], Holter's monitoring and invasive programmed cardiostimulation were used. Results of examination carried out before and after the treatment suggest anti-ischemic effect of PVIB and beneficial influence electrophysiological properties of myocardium which manifested in reduced periods of ventricular tachycardia and onsets of twin extrasystoles.

[The quantum hemotherapy of myocardial infarct patients].

Results are reported of an examination of 81 patients with acute macrofocal myocardial infarction. Routine methods of treatment were supplemented by laser and ultraviolet radiation of the blood. This treatment was highly effective in rapid control of stenocardia pain, early stabilization of the ST segment.