County‐level indicators of education quality and brain imaging markers of neurodegeneration and vascular injury among racially and ethnically diverse middle‐aged and older adults.

Background: Early‐life education quality has been associated with dementia risk and late‐life cognitive functioning. However, the association between education quality and neuroimaging outcomes remains unclear.

Methods: These analyses utilized data from 450 participants in two harmonized cohorts of racially and ethnically diverse adults aged 50 years and older (KHANDLE and STAR) who completed brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and whose self‐reported school location at 9 grade could be linked to historical educational quality data from the National Center for Education Statistics.

Evaluating segregated school attendance as a mediator of geographic inequities in late‐life cognitive function: evidence from the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR).

Background: Being born in the Southern US is associated with poorer cognitive health and related cardiovascular outcomes in late life, especially among Black Americans. Geographic disparities in brain aging may be mediated by school segregation; school segregation has been disproportionately high in the South given historical and contemporary policies and practices.

Method: This study included 727 Black adults ages 50+ (mean 68.

The association of birth in the Stroke Belt and neuroimaging brain biomarkers in a cohort of older Black Americans.

Background: Having ever lived in the southeastern United States, a region referred to as the Stroke Belt (SB), is associated with higher dementia incidence and poorer late‐life cognition. We assessed whether birth in the SB was associated with late‐life MRI‐based regional brain volumes among racially/ethnically diverse older adults who are long‐term residents of Northern California.

Method: KHANDLE and STAR are harmonized cohort studies of long‐term members (ages ≥65 and ≥50, respectively) of an integrated healthcare delivery system.

Adult child educational attainment and older parents' psychosocial outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Older adults' psychosocial outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic have been inequitable by socio-economic status (SES). However, studies have focused solely on own SES, ignoring emerging evidence of the relationship between adult child SES and late-life health. We evaluated whether adult child educational attainment - a core marker of SES - is associated with older parents' psychosocial outcomes during the pandemic.

School-based racial segregation, social support, and late-life cognitive function in the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR).

Introduction: School-based social support for Black students may mediate or modify the association between school segregation and late-life cognition.

Methods: Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans participants (n = 574) reported segregated school attendance and school-based social support. Associations of segregated schooling with domain-specific cognitive outcomes and effect modification or mediation by school-based social support were evaluated with linear mixed models.

Does schooling attained by adult children affect parents' psychosocial well-being in later life? Using Mexico's 1993 compulsory schooling law as a quasi-experiment.

Higher adult child educational attainment may benefit older parents' psychosocial well-being in later life. This may be particularly important in low- and middle-income countries, where recent generations have experienced comparatively large increases in educational attainment. We used data from the 2012 Mexican Health and Aging Study, a nationally representative study of adults aged ≥50 years and leveraged the exogenous variation in adult child education induced by Mexico's compulsory schooling law passed in 1993.

Prenatal and postpartum care during the COVID-19 pandemic: An increase in barriers from early to mid-pandemic in the United States.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in the provision of pregnancy and postpartum care. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in access to prenatal and postpartum care over time, from early in the pandemic (July 2020) to mid-pandemic (January 2021) and to explore socioeconomic and COVID-19-related economic factors associated with experiencing barriers to care.

Methods: We recruited two cross sections of women and birthing people in the US in July 2020 (N = 4645) and January 2021 (N = 3343) using Facebook and Instagram Ads.

My Parent, Myself, or My Child: Whose Education Matters Most for Trajectories of Cognitive Aging in Middle Age?

The growing body of evidence linking intergenerational education and late-life cognitive decline is almost exclusively from high-income countries, despite rapid intergenerational changes in education in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We used data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (n = 8,822), a cohort study of Mexican adults aged ≥50 years (2001-2018), to evaluate whether parental education (none vs. any formal schooling), one's own education (less than primary school vs.

Association of total and free testosterone with cardiovascular disease in a nationally representative sample of white, black, and Mexican American men.

Associations of total testosterone (T) and calculated free T with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain poorly understood. Particularly how these associations vary according to race and ethnicity in a nationally representative sample of men. Data included 7058 men (≥20 years) from NHANES.

Quality of prenatal and postpartum telehealth visits during COVID-19 and preferences for future care.

Background: At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth practices for pregnancy-related care were rapidly implemented. Telehealth for pregnancy-related care is likely to continue after the pandemic. In order for health systems and clinicians to provide person-centered pregnancy-related care via telehealth, it is critical to understand patients' telehealth experiences and their preferences regarding the use of telehealth moving forward.

The pain and depressive symptoms cascade: A bidirectional analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study 2012-2015.

Objectives: The association of pain and depression has not been evaluated in low- and middle-income countries, which have a disproportionate burden of pain compared to high-income countries.

Methods: Using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (baseline, 2012; follow-up, 2015), we examined the bidirectional relationship between pain and depressive symptoms and identified shared predictors among community-dwelling participants ≥60 years (n = 7237). Multivariable logistic regressions models evaluated the association between (1) baseline pain and incident elevated depressive symptoms and (2) baseline depressive symptoms and incident pain, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors.

Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccination Likelihood Among Reproductive-Aged Women in the United States.

Objectives: Vaccination for COVID-19 is an effective method of preventing complications; however, studies suggest that public attitudes toward the vaccine are heterogeneous. The objective of our study was to identify predictors for low likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination among women in the United States and determine whether reasons for low intention were modified by race, ethnicity, or other characteristics to better understand the factors that shape attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine and help inform multilevel interventions.

Methods: In January 2021, we used social media to recruit a cross-section of reproductive-aged women in the United States (N = 5269).

Is "Busy" Always Better? Time-Use Activities and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Mexican Adults.

Background And Objectives: Depression among older Mexican adults is underrecognized and of increasing concern due to its association with comorbidities including cognitive and functional impairments. Prior studies have found an association between low involvement levels in social activities and depression. We aimed to examine the association of time-use activities and depressive symptomatology by sex.