The mitochondrial UPR regulator ATF5 promotes intestinal barrier function via control of the satiety response.

Organisms use several strategies to mitigate mitochondrial stress, including the activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR in Caenorhabditis elegans, regulated by the transcription factor ATFS-1, expands on this recovery program by inducing an antimicrobial response against pathogens that target mitochondrial function. Here, we show that the mammalian ortholog of ATFS-1, ATF5, protects the host during infection with enteric pathogens but, unexpectedly, by maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier.

On the offense and defense: mitochondrial recovery programs amidst targeted pathogenic assault.

Bacterial pathogens employ a variety of tactics to persist in their host and promote infection. Pathogens often target host organelles in order to benefit their survival, either through manipulation or subversion of their function. Mitochondria are regularly targeted by bacterial pathogens owing to their diverse cellular roles, including energy production and regulation of programmed cell death.

A novel gene-diet interaction promotes organismal lifespan and host protection during infection via the mitochondrial UPR.

Cells use a variety of mechanisms to maintain optimal mitochondrial function including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction by differentially regulating mitoprotective gene expression through the transcription factor ATFS-1. Since UPRmt activation is commensurate with organismal benefits such as extended lifespan and host protection during infection, we sought to identify pathways that promote its stimulation.

A pathogen branched-chain amino acid catabolic pathway subverts host survival by impairing energy metabolism and the mitochondrial UPR.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a stress-activated pathway promoting mitochondrial recovery and defense against infection. In C. elegans, the UPRmt is activated during infection with the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa-but only transiently.

Uncovering a mitochondrial unfolded protein response in corals and its role in adapting to a changing world.

The Anthropocene will be characterized by increased environmental disturbances, leading to the survival of stress-tolerant organisms, particularly in the oceans, where novel marine diseases and elevated temperatures are re-shaping ecosystems. These environmental changes underscore the importance of identifying mechanisms which promote stress tolerance in ecologically important non-model species such as reef-building corals. Mitochondria are central regulators of cellular stress and have dedicated recovery pathways including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, which increases the transcription of protective genes promoting protein homeostasis, free radical detoxification and innate immunity.

Enhanced Bioethanol Production from Potato Peel Waste Via Consolidated Bioprocessing with Statistically Optimized Medium.

In this study, an extensive screening was undertaken to isolate some amylolytic microorganisms capable of producing bioethanol from starchy biomass through Consolidated Bioprocessing (CBP). A total of 28 amylolytic microorganisms were isolated, from which 5 isolates were selected based on high α-amylase and glucoamylase activities and identified as Candida wangnamkhiaoensis, Hyphopichia pseudoburtonii (2 isolates), Wickerhamia sp., and Streptomyces drozdowiczii based on 26S rDNA and 16S rDNA sequencing.

Microbial diversity changes with rhizosphere and hydrocarbons in contrasting soils.

In the ecotoxicological assessment of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, microbial community profile is important aspect due to their involvement in soil functions. However, soil physicochemical properties and the inhabiting plants could dictate the microbial composition. A question remains unanswered is, how an integrated approach may be utilized to account for various contrasting soil properties, plant types (reference vs.

Market Assessment and Product Evaluation of Probiotic Containing Dietary Supplements Available in Bangladesh Market.

Probiotics containing food supplements available in Bangladesh market were identified and collected for assessment. To assess their label claim, they were resuspended into sterile distilled water. Then, series dilutions of each sample solution were prepared and immediately plated out, in duplicate, into De Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar.

Temperature Dependence of the Proteome Profile of the Psychrotolerant Pathogenic Food Spoiler Bacillus weihenstephanensis Type Strain WSBC 10204.

Bacillus weihenstephanensis is a subspecies of the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group of spore-forming bacteria known to cause food spoilage or food poisoning. The key distinguishing phenotype of B. weihenstephanensis is its ability to grow below 7 °C or, from a food safety perspective, to grow and potentially produce toxins in a refrigerated environment.

Understanding the mechanism of heat stress tolerance caused by high trehalose accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using DNA microarray.

DNA microarray analysis was performed to examine the stress tolerance mechanism of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombinant strain exhibiting high trehalose accumulation and heat stress tolerance. Results suggest that the upregulation of sugar transporter genes is one of the key events for heat stress tolerance of the recombinant strain.

Differential importance of trehalose accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to various environmental stresses.

Trehalose is believed to play an important role in stress tolerance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this research, the responses to various environmental stresses, such as high ethanol concentration, heat, oxidative, and freezing stresses, were investigated in a strain with deletion of the NTH1, NTH2, and ATH1 genes encoding trehalases that are involved in trehalose degradation and the triple deletion strains overexpressing TPS1 or TPS2, both of which encode trehalose biosynthesis enzymes in S. cerevisiae.

Effect of trehalose accumulation on response to saline stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

To examine the effect of trehalose accumulation on response to saline stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we constructed deletion strains of all combinations of the trehalase genes ATH1, NTH1 and NTH2 and examined their growth behaviour and intracellular trehalose accumulation under non-stress and saline-stress conditions. Saline stress was induced in yeast cells by NaCl addition at the exponential growth phase. All deletion strains showed similar specific growth rates and trehalose accumulation to their parent strain under non-stress conditions.