Revision of Euliroetis Ogloblin, 1936 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species.

In this study, based on the examination of type specimens, the morphology of male and female genitalia and additional body characters, the leaf-beetle genus Euliroetis is taxonomically revised. Five Chinese species of Euliroetis are redescribed, a new synonymy is proposed: E. nigrinota Gressitt et Kimoto, 1963 = E.

Ultrastructure and Spectral Characteristics of the Compound Eye of (Baly, 1881) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae).

In this study, the morphology and ultrastructure of the compound eye of were examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), micro-computed tomography (μCT), and 3D reconstruction. Spectral sensitivity was investigated by electroretinogram (ERG) tests and phototropism experiments. The compound eye of is of the apposition type, consisting of 611.

Optical information hiding for different surface images.

Optical hiding often requires the selection of specific artificial optical components as carriers, which results in poor versatility of the carriers and high costs for the hiding system. To conceal secret information on different surfaces such as metal, wood, and paper, we propose an optical information hiding method. In this method, we use images of surfaces, whose grayscale histograms have the characteristic of symmetric distribution.

Functional Anatomy of Split Compound Eyes of the Whirligig Beetles (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae).

The functional anatomy of the split compound eyes of whirligig beetles (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) was examined by advanced microscopy and microcomputed tomography. We report the first 3D visualization and analysis of the split compound eyes. On average, the dorsal and ventral eyes contain 1913 ± 44.

A self-locking mechanism of the frog-legged beetle Sagra femorata.

Insect legs play a crucial role in various modes of locomotion, including walking, jumping, swimming, and other forms of movement. The flexibility of their leg joints is critical in enabling various modes of locomotion. The frog-legged leaf beetle Sagra femorata possesses remarkably enlarged hind legs, which are considered to be a critical adaptation that enables the species to withstand external pressures.

The Morphological Transformation of the Thorax during the Eclosion of (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

The model organism , as a species of Holometabola, undergoes a series of transformations during metamorphosis. To deeply understand its development, it is crucial to study its anatomy during the key developmental stages. We describe the anatomical systems of the thorax, including the endoskeleton, musculature, nervous ganglion, and digestive system, from the late pupal stage to the adult stage, based on micro-CT and 3D visualizations.

Two new species of the group from China (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini).

Two new species of Latreille, 1829 from China are described: Liang, Konstantinov & Ge, (Beijing) and Liang, Konstantinov & Ge, (Xinjiang). Images of dorsal and lateral habitus, pronotum, head, and male and female genitalia are provided. The records of Weise, 1893 and Guillebeau, 1895 in China are discussed.

Adult rhinoceros beetles use a sweeping pattern to ingest high-viscosity fluid.

More than half of all insect species utilize various natural liquids as primary diet. The concentrated liquids with energy-dense nutrition can provide highly favorable rewards, however, their high-viscosity poses challenges to the insect for ingesting. Here we show that rhinoceros beetles, Trypoxylus dichotomus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), are capable of ingesting sugar solutions with viscosities spanning four orders of magnitude, exhibiting extraordinary adaptability to diverse natural liquid sources.

The morphology and spectral characteristics of the compound eye of (Selman & Vogt, 1971) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini).

The first exploratory study was conducted on the compound eye morphology and spectral characteristics of (Selman & Vogt, 1971) to clarify its eye structure and its spectral sensitivity. Scanning electron microscopy, paraffin sectioning, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that has apposition compound eyes with both eucones and open rhabdom. The micro-computed tomography (CT) results after 3D reconstruction demonstrated the precise position of the compound eyes in the insect's head and suggested that the visual range was mainly concentrated in the front and on both sides of the head.

Detection of Hindwing Landmarks Using Transfer Learning and High-Resolution Networks.

Hindwing venation is one of the most important morphological features for the functional and evolutionary analysis of beetles, as it is one of the key features used for the analysis of beetle flight performance and the design of beetle-like flapping wing micro aerial vehicles. However, manual landmark annotation for hindwing morphological analysis is a time-consuming process hindering the development of wing morphology research. In this paper, we present a novel approach for the detection of landmarks on the hindwings of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) using a limited number of samples.

The fecal shield is a double-edged sword for larvae of a leaf beetle.

Larvae of some leaf beetles carry masses of feces covering parts or all of the body, which is called a "fecal shield". In general, the shield is thought to be a defense structure against natural enemies. However, some studies have suggested that defense effectiveness varies depending on the natural enemy.

A neurotransmitter histamine mediating phototransduction and photopreference in Callosobruchus maculatus.

Background: The biogenic amine histamine plays a critical role in the phototransduction and photopreference of most insects. Here, we study the function of histamine in Callosobruchus maculatus, a global storage pest.

Results: In our experiment, we initially identified the histidine decarboxylase (hdc) gene through bioinformation analysis.

Structural stabilization of honeybee wings based on heterogeneous stiffness.

Structural stabilization for a membrane structure under high-frequency vibration is still a recognized problem. In nature, honeybee wings with non-uniform material properties demonstrate excellent anti-interference ability. However, the correlation between the structural stabilization and mechanical properties of insect wings has not been completely verified.

Jumping of flea beetles onto inclined platforms.

The flea beetle, Altica cirsicola, escapes predators by jumping and landing in a dense maze of leaves. How do they land on such varied surfaces? In this experimental study, we filmed the take-off, flight, and landing of flea beetles on a configurable angled platform. We report three in-flight behaviors: winged, wingless, and an intermediate winged mode.

Inside the coupling of ladybird beetle elytra: elastic setae can facilitate swift deployment.

The ladybird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata) is known for swift deployment of its elytra, an action that requires considerable power. However, actuation by thoracic muscles alone may be insufficient to deploy elytra at high speed because the maximum mechanical power that elytral muscles can produce is only 70% of that required for initiation of deployment. Nevertheless, the elytra open rapidly, within 3 ms in the initial phase, at a maximum angular velocity of 66.

Mitochondrial genomes of Sternochetus species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the phylogenetic implications.

The three weevil species, Sternochetus gravis, S. mangiferae, and S. olivieri, have all been reported to be serious pests of mango fruits.

Functional Morphology of the Thorax of the Click Beetle (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with an Emphasis on Its Jumping Mechanism.

We investigated and described the thoracic structures, jumping mechanism, and promesothoracic interlocking mechanism of the click beetle (Drury) (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae). Two experiments were conducted to reveal the critical muscles and sclerites involved in the jumping mechanism. They showed that M2 and M4 are essential clicking-related muscles.

Tsounkranaglenea hefferni gen. et sp. nov. from Sabah, Malaysia (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae: Saperdini).

A new saperdine species belonging to a new genus, Tsounkranaglenea hefferni gen. et sp. nov.

DNA transposons mediate duplications via transposition-independent and -dependent mechanisms in metazoans.

Despite long being considered as "junk", transposable elements (TEs) are now accepted as catalysts of evolution. One example is Mutator-like elements (MULEs, one type of terminal inverted repeat DNA TEs, or TIR TEs) capturing sequences as Pack-MULEs in plants. However, their origination mechanism remains perplexing, and whether TIR TEs mediate duplication in animals is almost unexplored.