Cellular and sub-cellular localisation of oxyntomodulin-like immunoreactivity in enteroendocrine cells of human, mouse, pig and rat.

We use a monoclonal antibody against the C-terminal of oxyntomodulin (OXM) to investigate enteroendocrine cells (EEC) in mouse, rat, human and pig. This antibody has cross-reactivity with the OXM precursor, glicentin (Gli) but does not recognise glucagon. The antibody stained EEC in the jejunum and colon of each species.

Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography-detectable central macular thickness changes with perioperative prostaglandin analogs.

Purpose: To define the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography-detectable (SD-OCT) subclinical changes in central retinal thickness in patients using prostaglandin analog (PGA) eyedrops after phacoemulsification.

Setting: Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, United Kingdom.

Design: Prospective case series.

Transformational change: nurses substituting for ophthalmologists for intravitreal injections - a quality-improvement report.

Background: The dramatic increase in need for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) intravitreal therapy in the treatment of retinal disease and the absence of an equivalent increase in ophthalmologists to undertake such intravitreal injections created a patient-safety risk. Timing of intravitreal therapy (IVT) is critical to prevent vision loss and local clinics lacked capacity to treat patients appropriately. We aimed to improve capacity for IVT by nurse injections.

Large left atrial myxoma presented as fever of unknown origin: a challenging diagnosis and a review of the literature.

Myxoma is the most common type of primary tumors of the heart in adults. The majority of patients with myxomas may experience symptoms due to central or peripheral embolism or intracardiac obstruction, while in some cases, they may be completely asymptomatic. Rarely, patients develop unusual symptoms that complicate the diagnostic evaluation.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection associated with oral contraceptive use: a case report and review of the literature.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) represents a rare cause of acute coronary syndromes with complex pathohysiology. We briefly describe a 50-year-old woman, without traditional cardiovascular risk factors, hospitalized for an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and treated with thrombolytic therapy. Notably, the patient was on oral contraceptives for the past 10 years.

Combined dynamic cardiomyoplasty and transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator system.

A transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was implanted in a patient with drug refractory ventricular fibrillation who had undergone latissimus dorsi cardiomyoplasty. The skeletal muscle was stimulated by a pulse train generator (cardiostimulator) implanted at the time of cardiomyoplasty. With proper programming of the devices neither adverse ICD-cardiostimulator interactions nor device malfunction were observed.

Detection of coronary artery disease in patients with severe aortic stenosis with noninvasive methods.

Exercise stress ECG testing is not generally recommended in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Analysis of the utility of exercise testing, both with and without the use of myocardial thallium-201 scintigraphy for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), yielded low specificity. A noninvasive, safe, and accurate diagnostic modality to ascertain the presence of CAD is not available to date for patients with severe aortic stenosis.

Echocardiographic detection of the extent of coronary artery disease in the elderly using dobutamine and adenosine infusion.

Background: The high prevalence of asymptomatic multivessel disease in the elderly and the fact that most of them can not carry out an exercise stress testing renders the application of other stress modalities necessary. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic value of dobutamine and adenosine stress echocardiography and their accuracy in determining the extent of coronary artery disease in elderly people.

Methods: Dobutamine and adenosine stress echocardiography were performed in 128 consecutive patients > or = 70 years-of-age with known or suspected coronary artery disease.

Stress echocardiography in elderly patients with coronary artery disease: applicability, safety and prognostic value of dobutamine and adenosine echocardiography in elderly patients.

Objectives: Our aim was to determine the applicability, safety and prognostic value of adenosine and dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients > or = 70 years old.

Background: These tests are sometimes mandatory because of difficulties and inaccuracies in interpreting traditional electrocardiographic stress tests. Furthermore, if these tests could be used to avoid coronary arteriography and cardiac catheterization, they would become essential in the care of the elderly, whose numbers are increasing.

Dobutamine-induced transmural myocardial ischemia in a patient with mild coronary lesions.

A 70-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of retrosternal pain at rest. During infusion of dobutamine (25 micrograms/kg/min) the patient developed angina, ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads, and echocardiographic hypokinesia in the inferior-basal myocardial wall. Coronary angiography revealed insignificant (20-30%) stenosis of the right coronary artery and a normal remaining tree.

Significance of echocardiographic atrioventricular plane displacement for the evaluation of left ventricular filling and end-diastolic pressure in patients with coronary artery disease.

The aim of this study is to assess the left ventricular filling and estimate the end-diastolic pressure of the left ventricle in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) by echocardiographic measurement of the atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD). In 101 patients (mean age 59 +/- 12 years) with CAD, a complete transthoracic echocardiographic study was performed, just prior to cardiac catheterization. The AVPD was recorded by M-mode echocardiography, from apical four and two chamber views.

Acute aortic regurgitation caused by non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis.

A case of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis, which caused acute aortic regurgitation in a middle-aged, otherwise healthy woman, is presented. The diagnosis was confirmed with echocardiography and documented by a histopathological study of the excised aortic valve after operation for valve replacement.